Phiếu bài tập Nội–ngoại khoa: tiêu hóa, quanh phẫu thuật và ung thư có đáp án

Which tool helps assess pain in a person with advanced dementia who cannot report it?

1. AThe MUST nutrition score
2. BA numerical rating scale from 0 to 10, read out slowly
3. CAn observational scale such as PAINAD or Abbey
4. DThe Glasgow Coma Scale, scored every hour

Đau bùng phát (breakthrough pain) là gì?

1. ACơn đau bùng lên dù đã giảm đau nền đều đặn
2. BCơn đau chỉ do dị ứng với thuốc giảm đau
3. CCơn đau chỉ cảm thấy trong lúc phẫu thuật
4. DCơn đau đã hết hoàn toàn với điều trị đều đặn

What is slough in a wound?

1. AYellow, soft, stringy dead tissue
2. BA thick, hard black crust
3. CRed, healthy granulation tissue
4. DPink, new skin at the wound edge

How should a patient with facial burns usually be positioned?

1. AIn any position that keeps the face covered
2. BLying flat with the head lower than the feet
3. CLying face down on the pillow to protect the airway
4. DWith the head of the bed raised to reduce swelling

Why are antimotility drugs such as loperamide avoided in C. difficile infection?

1. AThey kill the normal bowel bacteria
2. BThey make the stool sample test positive falsely
3. CThey cause serious liver failure in most patients who take them
4. DThey may keep toxin in the bowel and risk toxic megacolon

A patient has taken oral prednisolone daily for many months. Why is this important before surgery?

1. ASteroids must always be stopped a full week before any type of surgery
2. BSteroids prevent all wound infections after surgery
3. CSteroids make the anaesthetic drugs last much longer
4. DThey may need extra steroid cover to prevent an adrenal crisis

Which preoperative blood result should the nurse report to the team before elective surgery?

1. AFasting glucose 5,4 mmol/L (97 mg/dL)
2. BSodium 139 mmol/L
3. CPotassium 2,9 mmol/L
4. DHaemoglobin 138 g/L (13,8 g/dL) in a man

After a fall, a patient with advanced dementia is agitated, grimacing and guarding the hip, and cannot rate the pain. What should the nurse do?

1. AGive a sedative to treat the agitation and avoid giving any analgesia
2. BUse an observational pain tool, give analgesia and reassess
3. CAssume there is no pain because none is reported
4. DWait until a relative can confirm the pain