Phiếu bài tập Nội–ngoại khoa: tiêu hóa, quanh phẫu thuật và ung thư có đáp án

What is pulmonary aspiration?

1. AInhaling stomach contents or other material into the lungs
2. BRemoving fluid from the chest with a needle through the ribs
3. CA collapsed lung after a chest drain
4. DBreathing too fast after surgery

Which signs suggest early hypovolaemic shock after surgery?

1. AHigh blood pressure with a fast, bounding pulse
2. BSlow heart rate, flushed skin and warm hands
3. CRising heart rate, cool skin and slow capillary refill
4. DNormal pulse with heavy sweating only after meals

Nên làm gì ngay trước khi lấy phết vết thương để nuôi cấy?

1. ALấy mẫu từ chính miếng băng khô
2. BBôi chất sát khuẩn và để khô hoàn toàn
3. CLàm sạch bằng nước muối sinh lý để loại mảnh vụn bề mặt
4. DGiữ băng cũ thêm một ngày nữa

During the first infusion of a monoclonal antibody such as rituximab, which problem is most important to watch for?

1. AAn infusion reaction, such as fever, rigors or breathlessness
2. BA rise in platelet count above normal
3. CSevere constipation within the first hour of starting the infusion
4. DSudden hair loss during the infusion

How can low-dose opioids help a patient with breathlessness from advanced cancer?

1. AThey open the airways like an inhaler
2. BThey increase the oxygen level in the blood
3. CThey reduce the feeling of breathlessness
4. DThey cure the underlying lung disease

How should a patient use an incentive spirometer after surgery?

1. ABlow out as hard and as fast as possible
2. BUse it once a day, just before going to sleep at night
3. CBreathe quickly in and out ten times in a row
4. DBreathe in slowly and deeply, then hold briefly

A patient admitted for an elective general anaesthetic mentions that they ate a slice of toast 3 hours ago. What should the nurse do?

1. ASay nothing, since toast is a light food
2. BAsk the patient to try to vomit to empty the stomach
3. CInform the anaesthetist, as surgery may be delayed
4. DGive a large drink to wash the food through

A patient with gastric outlet obstruction has vomited repeatedly for several days. Which blood picture is most likely?

1. AHigh chloride, high potassium and metabolic acidosis
2. BNormal electrolytes with respiratory alkalosis
3. CHigh calcium, high sodium and respiratory acidosis
4. DLow chloride, low potassium and metabolic alkalosis