Phiếu bài tập Nội–ngoại khoa: tiêu hóa, quanh phẫu thuật và ung thư có đáp án

Hai nguyên nhân nào chiếm phần lớn các ca viêm tụy cấp?

1. ASỏi mật và rượu
2. BNhiều chất xơ và mất nước
3. CCảm lạnh do virus và căng thẳng
4. DHút thuốc và béo phì

Tác dụng phụ nào của opioid thường không giảm khi dùng tiếp?

1. ATáo bón
2. BNgứa
3. CAn thần
4. DBuồn nôn và nôn

Which tool helps assess pain in a person with advanced dementia who cannot report it?

1. AAn observational scale such as PAINAD or Abbey
2. BThe MUST nutrition score
3. CA numerical rating scale from 0 to 10, read out slowly
4. DThe Glasgow Coma Scale, scored every hour

Which pain pattern classically suggests a duodenal rather than a gastric ulcer?

1. APain only on deep breathing that eases when sitting forwards
2. BPain 2–3 hours after meals and at night, eased by eating
3. CPain straight after eating that is worsened by food
4. DPain in the right lower abdomen with fever and vomiting

Which liver function test pattern suggests bile duct obstruction?

1. AHigh bilirubin with a markedly raised ALP and GGT
2. BA low albumin with all other results normal
3. CVery high ALT with a normal bilirubin only
4. DNormal bilirubin with a low ALP and low GGT

Which intervention most reduces pressure ulcer risk in an immobile patient?

1. AMassaging red areas firmly at each turn to bring back the circulation
2. BRegular repositioning and a pressure-redistributing mattress
3. CKeeping the head of the bed raised at 90° all day
4. DUsing a doughnut-shaped ring cushion

A nurse teaches a patient going home between chemotherapy cycles. Which statement shows a need for further teaching?

1. A"I'll check my temperature whenever I feel hot, shivery or unwell."
2. B"I'll keep the emergency number and call if I feel shivery."
3. C"If I get a fever, I'll take paracetamol and see if it settles."
4. D"I'll wash my hands often and avoid people with infections."

On day 5 after bowel resection, a patient has a fever, tachycardia and worsening abdominal pain, and the drain contains brown, faeculent fluid. What is most likely?

1. APostoperative constipation
2. BA normal day 5 recovery
3. CAn anastomotic leak
4. DA urinary tract infection