Phiếu bài tập Nội–ngoại khoa: tiêu hóa, quanh phẫu thuật và ung thư có đáp án

Which drug is commonly used to prevent or treat postoperative nausea and vomiting?

1. AFurosemide
2. BAmlodipine
3. COndansetron
4. DAtorvastatin

Which measure helps prevent burn scar contractures?

1. AKeeping the joint bent in the most comfortable position
2. BPositioning, splinting and regular stretching exercises
3. CApplying ice packs to the scar every day
4. DAvoiding all movement until the wound has healed

Which finding is typical of a perforated peptic ulcer?

1. ASlow onset of mild pain relieved fully by eating
2. BPainless bright red bleeding from the rectum over several days
3. CA soft, non-tender abdomen with loud, frequent bowel sounds
4. DSudden severe abdominal pain with a rigid, board-like abdomen

Vì sao viên thuốc phóng thích kéo dài hoặc bao tan trong ruột có thể không hiệu quả ở bệnh nhân mở thông hồi tràng?

1. ABệnh nhân mở thông hồi tràng không dùng được thuốc uống nào
2. BEnzym của mở thông hồi tràng phá hủy mọi loại thuốc uống
3. CVận chuyển nhanh nghĩa là thuốc có thể đi qua trước khi giải phóng
4. DStoma hấp thu thuốc quá nhanh vào máu

Which advice is appropriate for a patient with a very low platelet count?

1. AUse a soft toothbrush and an electric razor
2. BUse a razor blade for shaving every day
3. CTake aspirin regularly for headaches
4. DFloss hard every day to prevent gum disease

After a percutaneous liver biopsy, how is the patient usually positioned at first?

1. AProne, with the head lower than the feet
2. BSitting upright, with the legs over the edge of the bed
3. COn the left side, to drain the liver
4. DOn the right side, to press on the puncture site

An older patient on regular opioids has small amounts of liquid stool leaking all day, but has not had a formed bowel movement for 6 days. What is the most likely cause?

1. AAcute infective gastroenteritis
2. BFaecal impaction with overflow
3. CA flare of ulcerative colitis
4. DNormal stool pattern on opioids

A 76-year-old with a past peptic ulcer needs long-term anti-inflammatory treatment for arthritis. Which plan best reduces GI bleeding risk?

1. ATake the NSAID with a glass of milk instead of food
2. BUse the highest NSAID dose to shorten the course
3. CCombine two different NSAIDs at lower doses
4. DConsider an alternative; if an NSAID is needed, add a PPI