Phiếu bài tập Nội–ngoại khoa: tiêu hóa, quanh phẫu thuật và ung thư có đáp án

What does standard H. pylori eradication therapy usually combine?

1. AAn antacid and a single antifungal drug
2. BA steroid and an antiviral drug
3. CA proton pump inhibitor and two antibiotics
4. DTwo NSAIDs and a stimulant laxative for one month

Which skin care advice is usual during external beam radiotherapy?

1. AUse perfumed lotions to keep the skin soft
2. BApply a hot water bottle to soothe the area
3. CWash gently with lukewarm water and pat dry
4. DScrub the treated area daily to remove the skin marks

Which adverse effects are linked with NSAIDs such as ibuprofen?

1. AConstipation and pinpoint pupils
2. BStomach bleeding and kidney injury
3. CHair loss and low white cell count
4. DWeight gain and high potassium only

Why is IV hydration given with cisplatin?

1. ATo protect the kidneys from damage
2. BTo make the drug less effective
3. CTo raise the blood pressure during treatment
4. DTo prevent hair loss

Patients on immune checkpoint inhibitors may develop immune-related side effects. Which symptom should they report promptly?

1. AA small bruise after a knock
2. BMild tiredness after a busy day
3. CSlight hair thinning over months
4. DNew diarrhoea or abdominal pain

Why is a gastrostomy tube with an internal bumper usually advanced and rotated regularly once the tract has healed?

1. ATo check that the patient is still hungry
2. BTo stop the inner bumper becoming buried in the stomach wall
3. CTo remove any feed left in the stomach
4. DTo make the tube longer as the patient grows or gains weight

A dying patient has noisy, rattling breathing. The patient seems unaware, but the family is distressed. What is the best nursing approach?

1. AAsk the family to leave the room
2. BGive large volumes of IV fluid to loosen and thin the secretions
3. CReposition, explain the cause and give prescribed drugs if needed
4. DPerform deep suction every hour

A patient finds daily wound dressing changes very painful. What is the most effective nursing approach?

1. ADo the dressing quickly and give analgesia afterwards
2. BChange the dressing less often than the plan says
3. CGive analgesia timed so it works during the dressing change
4. DAvoid analgesia so the patient can report any problems during the change