Phiếu bài tập Nội–ngoại khoa: thần kinh, nội tiết và thận có đáp án

What is the most common cause of a high sodium in a frail older adult?

1. AEating too much fruit
2. BDrinking too much water
3. CTaking too much insulin
4. DNot drinking enough water

Which cranial nerves are mainly involved in the gag reflex?

1. AGlossopharyngeal (IX) and vagus (X)
2. BTrigeminal (V) and facial (VII)
3. COculomotor (III) and abducens (VI)
4. DOlfactory (I) and optic (II)

How is diabetic retinopathy usually picked up early?

1. AA yearly blood test for HbA1c only
2. BRegular eye screening with retinal photographs
3. CWaiting until the patient notices blurred vision
4. DChecking the pupils with a torch at every visit

A patient's potassium stays low despite replacement. Which other level should be checked?

1. AMagnesium
2. BBilirubin
3. CFerritin
4. DAmylase

Sau chấn thương đầu, bệnh nhân có dịch trong chảy nhỏ giọt từ mũi. Mối lo chính là gì?

1. APhản ứng dị ứng với thuốc cản quang CT
2. BRò dịch não tủy do nứt xương sọ
3. CCảm lạnh thông thường hoặc cơn viêm mũi dị ứng
4. DDịch nhầy bình thường sau khi khóc

How does the nurse test the facial nerve (VII)?

1. AShine a light in each eye and check the pupil response
2. BAsk them to raise the eyebrows, shut the eyes tightly and smile
3. CAsk the patient to stick out the tongue and move it from side to side
4. DTouch the forehead, cheek and chin with cotton wool

A patient with polycystic kidney disease suddenly has the worst headache of their life and neck stiffness. What should the nurse suspect?

1. AA subarachnoid haemorrhage from a brain aneurysm
2. BPain spreading upwards from a kidney cyst
3. CA migraine linked to high blood pressure
4. DA urinary infection that has spread

The nurse has four urology patients. Which one needs to be seen first?

1. AA patient after TURP with light pink drainage and mild discomfort
2. BA patient with a nephrostomy who has rigors and a BP of 86/50 mmHg
3. CA patient with stress incontinence asking about pelvic floor exercises
4. DA patient with a suprapubic catheter due for a routine change