Phiếu bài tập Nội–ngoại khoa: thần kinh, nội tiết và thận có đáp án

What does dysarthria mean?

1. AInability to read or write after a brain injury
2. BDifficulty swallowing food and drink safely
3. CLoss of the ability to understand spoken or written language
4. DUnclear speech caused by weak or poorly coordinated speech muscles

Which group of features is typical of Parkinson's disease?

1. AIntention tremor, muscle wasting and twitching under the skin
2. BDrooping eyelids and double vision that get worse later in the day
3. CWeakness rising from the feet, with tingling and lost reflexes
4. DResting tremor, rigidity and slow movement

Why should people with diabetic neuropathy avoid walking barefoot?

1. ABare feet lose too much heat through the skin
2. BWalking barefoot raises the blood glucose
3. CInsulin is absorbed less well from the feet and the legs
4. DThey may not feel an injury, so it can go unnoticed

The day after a thyroidectomy, a patient reports tingling around the mouth and in the fingers. Why might this happen?

1. AThe patient is breathing too slowly after the operation
2. BThe anaesthetic has caused an allergic reaction
3. CThe parathyroid glands may have been damaged, lowering calcium
4. DThe thyroid hormone level has risen too high after surgery

A patient has just started haemodialysis. What usually happens to their protein needs?

1. AThey increase, because dialysis removes amino acids
2. BThey stay exactly the same as they were before dialysis
3. CThey fall to almost zero to rest the kidneys
4. DProtein must be replaced only by IV infusion

Một bệnh nhân dùng carbimazole cho cường giáp báo đau họng và sốt. Điều dưỡng nên làm gì?

1. ATăng gấp đôi liều để kiểm soát tuyến giáp nhanh hơn
2. BKhuyên súc họng nước muối và tiếp tục thuốc thêm một tuần
3. CSắp xếp công thức máu khẩn để tìm mất bạch cầu hạt
4. DTrấn an bệnh nhân, vì thuốc không có tác dụng phụ nghiêm trọng trên máu

A patient with a brain tumour on high-dose dexamethasone has a capillary glucose of 16 mmol/L (288 mg/dL). They have no history of diabetes. What is the best explanation?

1. ASteroid-induced hyperglycaemia, which needs monitoring and treatment
2. BA sign that the brain tumour has now spread to the pancreas
3. CNormal for this patient, so no action is needed
4. DA lab error, because steroids lower blood glucose

Which statement correctly distinguishes spinal shock from neurogenic shock?

1. AThey are two names for exactly the same condition
2. BSpinal shock is low blood pressure; neurogenic shock is the loss of reflexes
3. CNeurogenic shock is caused by blood loss; spinal shock is caused by infection
4. DSpinal shock is lost reflexes; neurogenic shock is low BP and slow pulse