Phiếu bài tập Nội–ngoại khoa: thần kinh, nội tiết và thận có đáp án

Xét nghiệm đơn giản nào dùng để sàng lọc bàn chân người đái tháo đường về mất cảm giác bảo vệ?

1. AKiểm tra thời gian đổ đầy mao mạch của các ngón tay
2. BChạm vào lòng bàn chân bằng sợi monofilament 10 g
3. CĐo đường huyết mao mạch ở ngón chân
4. DĐo chu vi bắp chân

What is the purpose of a steroid emergency card or medical alert ID?

1. ATo warn staff that extra steroid is needed in illness or injury
2. BTo record the patient's blood glucose results
3. CTo let the patient buy steroids without a prescription
4. DTo show that the patient is allergic to all types of steroid medicine

Which ECG change is typical of hyperkalaemia?

1. AA shortened PR interval
2. BTall, peaked T waves
3. CFlattened T waves
4. DProminent U waves

A patient has just started levetiracetam. Which side effect should the nurse teach them to report?

1. AChanges in mood, such as irritability, low mood or anger
2. BSwelling and overgrowth of the gums around the teeth
3. COrange discoloration of the urine
4. DA persistent dry cough at night

A conscious patient with a glucose of 3,1 mmol/L (56 mg/dL) can swallow safely. Which is the best first treatment?

1. AA chocolate bar and a cup of tea with milk
2. BA glass of milk and two plain biscuits
3. CA dose of rapid-acting insulin with a sandwich
4. DGlucose tablets or a small glass of fruit juice

Nhận định nào về tiêm phenytoin tĩnh mạch là đúng?

1. ANên tiêm nhanh trong vài giây
2. BĐược pha trong natri chloride 0,9% với theo dõi tim
3. CCó thể trộn vào bất kỳ dịch truyền glucose nào
4. DKhông cần theo dõi nhịp tim hay huyết áp

A patient with a brain injury has a mean arterial pressure of 80 mmHg and an ICP of 25 mmHg. How should the nurse interpret this?

1. AThe cerebral perfusion pressure is 105 mmHg, which is too high
2. BThe ICP cannot affect brain perfusion if the blood pressure is normal
3. CThe cerebral perfusion pressure is 80 mmHg, which is normal
4. DThe cerebral perfusion pressure is 55 mmHg, below the usual target

After a stroke, a patient suddenly cries or laughs at odd moments. They say they do not feel sad. Which response is most appropriate?

1. ATell the patient that crying will slow their recovery
2. BAsk the doctor for a sedative to stop the outbursts
3. CIgnore it, because it shows that the patient is seeking attention from the staff
4. DExplain that this is emotional lability after stroke and help the family understand