Phiếu bài tập Nội–ngoại khoa: thần kinh, nội tiết và thận có đáp án

Which statement about adult polycystic kidney disease is correct?

1. AIt only ever affects one of the two kidneys
2. BIt is caused by repeated urinary infections
3. CIt is caused by drinking too little water
4. DIt is inherited, and cysts slowly enlarge both kidneys

Giai đoạn sau cơn (postictal) là gì?

1. ACơn co giật kéo dài hơn năm phút
2. BCảm giác báo trước ngay trước khi cơn co giật bắt đầu
3. CGiai đoạn ngủ gà và lú lẫn sau cơn co giật
4. DGiai đoạn cứng đơ ở đầu cơn co cứng–co giật

What is a positive Kernig's sign?

1. APain and resistance when the knee is straightened with the hip flexed
2. BBending of the hips and knees when the neck is flexed
3. CTwitching of the facial muscles when the cheek is tapped in front of the ear
4. DBruising behind the ear after a head injury

Before checking a capillary glucose, why should the patient wash their hands with soap and water?

1. AWashing lowers the glucose in the blood
2. BSugar on the skin can give a falsely high reading
3. CWashing prevents all infection from the lancet
4. DSoap makes the blood flow faster from the finger

A patient has had a calcium oxalate kidney stone. Which advice best helps prevent another?

1. ADrink plenty of fluid so the urine stays pale
2. BCut all calcium out of the diet
3. CTake extra vitamin C supplements
4. DDrink only a little to avoid diluting the urine

A patient receives phenytoin through a nasogastric tube along with continuous enteral feed. Which issue should the nurse know about?

1. AThe feed increases phenytoin levels and causes toxicity within hours
2. BThe feed can reduce phenytoin absorption, so the feed is often paused around the dose
3. CPhenytoin makes the feed curdle, so the two must never be used in one patient
4. DPhenytoin must be crushed and mixed into the feed bag

A patient has erratic glucose readings. The nurse finds a soft, rubbery lump where they always inject. What is the most important teaching?

1. AMassage the lump firmly after every injection
2. BDouble the insulin dose because the lump blocks the insulin
3. CKeep injecting into the lump, because it hurts less there
4. DUse healthy sites and check glucose often, as less insulin may be needed

A patient with nephrotic syndrome suddenly has loin pain, blood in the urine and a rise in creatinine. What is a likely cause?

1. ANormal fluctuation in the disease
2. BToo much dietary protein
3. CRenal vein thrombosis
4. DA simple bladder infection