Phiếu bài tập Nội–ngoại khoa: thần kinh, nội tiết và thận có đáp án

Which organism causes most urinary tract infections?

1. AEscherichia coli
2. BStaphylococcus aureus
3. CCandida albicans
4. DStreptococcus pneumoniae

A febrile patient has a rash that does not fade when a glass is pressed against it. What should the nurse suspect?

1. AAn allergic reaction to soap
2. BA simple viral skin rash
3. CMeningococcal septicaemia
4. DHeat rash from a high temperature

Why do women get urinary tract infections more often than men?

1. AWomen drink more fluids than men do each day
2. BWomen's kidneys are smaller than men's
3. CThe urethra is shorter and closer to the anus
4. DWomen have more bacteria in their blood

An 85-year-old care home resident becomes newly confused and is falling more often. A UTI is one possibility. Why?

1. AUrinary infections always cause a high fever in older adults
2. BA UTI cannot occur in people over 80
3. CConfusion is the only symptom of a UTI at any age
4. DOlder adults often show infection as confusion

Which picture fits Brown-Séquard syndrome?

1. AWeakness on the same side and loss of pain on the opposite side
2. BWeakness of both arms with normal strength in the legs
3. CLoss of all feeling but normal movement on both sides
4. DParalysis of both legs, with normal sensation everywhere in the body

For which patient with migraine would the nurse question an order for sumatriptan?

1. AA patient with well-controlled hypothyroidism
2. BA patient with an allergy to penicillin
3. CA patient with a history of angina
4. DA patient who also has asthma

A patient with an external ventricular drain sat up in bed without help. The drain stayed at its old height, and the drainage bag filled quickly. The patient now has a headache. What is the concern?

1. AUnderdrainage, so the drain should be lowered further
2. BNo concern, because more drainage always lowers the ICP safely
3. CAn infected drain, so the dressing should be removed
4. DOverdrainage of CSF, so act per protocol and inform the team

On the first day after a kidney transplant, urine output suddenly falls from 200 mL/h to 10 mL/h. What should the nurse check first?

1. AThe patient's temperature and pulse
2. BThe patient's blood glucose level
3. CThat the catheter is not blocked or kinked
4. DWhether the patient has eaten