Phiếu bài tập Nội–ngoại khoa: thần kinh, nội tiết và thận có đáp án

Which symptoms are typical of benign prostatic hyperplasia?

1. AA weak stream, hesitancy and passing urine at night
2. BPainless red urine with clots and weight loss
3. CBurning pain on passing urine with a high fever
4. DLeaking urine only when coughing or laughing

What is the most common type of kidney stone?

1. AUric acid
2. BCalcium oxalate
3. CStruvite
4. DCystine

A patient with Bell's palsy cannot close one eye fully. Which advice is most important?

1. AUse lubricating eye drops and protect or tape the eye at night
2. BMassage the closed eyeball firmly several times every day
3. CLeave the eye uncovered so air can dry it out
4. DWear contact lenses to keep the eye moist

A patient has acute low back pain with no red flags. Which advice is most appropriate?

1. AStay as active as possible and use simple pain relief
2. BStay in bed for two weeks until the pain is gone
3. CWear a rigid back brace all day and night for at least three months
4. DAvoid all movement until an MRI scan has been done

Why are insulin and glucose given together to treat hyperkalaemia?

1. AInsulin makes the kidneys pass more potassium in the urine
2. BInsulin moves potassium into cells; glucose prevents a hypo
3. CInsulin protects the heart muscle cells from the potassium
4. DGlucose binds the potassium in the blood and removes it

A patient with Conn's syndrome starts spironolactone. Which blood test should the nurse watch most closely?

1. AAmylase
2. BGlucose
3. CPotassium
4. DCalcium

A kidney transplant recipient has had vomiting and diarrhoea for two days. Why should the transplant team be contacted?

1. AThe patient may not be absorbing their immunosuppressants
2. BThe tablets will make the vomiting stop
3. CThe kidney will start to produce far too much urine
4. DVomiting proves that rejection has already happened

Một bệnh nhân tăng áp lực nội sọ cần hút đờm qua nội khí quản. Cách tiếp cận nào phù hợp nhất?

1. AHút ít nhất 30 giây để làm sạch hết đờm một lần
2. BCho thở oxy trước, mỗi lần hút ngắn và hạn chế số lần hút
3. CHút mỗi 15 phút thường quy, dù không có đờm
4. DCho bệnh nhân nằm phẳng, đầu quay sang bên khi hút