Phiếu bài tập Nội–ngoại khoa: thần kinh, nội tiết và thận có đáp án

How do sulfonylureas such as gliclazide lower blood glucose?

1. AThey replace insulin that the body lacks
2. BThey make the kidneys pass more glucose
3. CThey make the pancreas release more insulin
4. DThey slow down the absorption of food

What does dysarthria mean?

1. ADifficulty swallowing food and drink safely
2. BInability to read or write after a brain injury
3. CUnclear speech caused by weak or poorly coordinated speech muscles
4. DLoss of the ability to understand spoken or written language

Which mineral is needed to make thyroid hormones?

1. AIron
2. BZinc
3. CIodine
4. DCalcium

Áp lực tưới máu não (CPP) được tính như thế nào?

1. AHuyết áp tâm trương trừ áp lực tĩnh mạch trung tâm
2. BHuyết áp động mạch trung bình chia cho nhịp tim
3. CHuyết áp tâm thu cộng áp lực nội sọ
4. DHuyết áp động mạch trung bình trừ áp lực nội sọ

A patient taking warfarin is diagnosed with an intracerebral haemorrhage. What is the priority treatment?

1. AStarting aspirin to prevent further clots
2. BDoubling the warfarin dose to stabilise the INR
3. CIV thrombolysis within 4,5 hours
4. DUrgent reversal of the anticoagulant effect

A patient with advanced CKD asks how to manage indigestion. Which option should they avoid?

1. AAvoiding large meals late in the evening
2. BMagnesium-containing antacids
3. CRaising the head of the bed at night
4. DEating smaller, more frequent meals

A patient with a brain tumour on high-dose dexamethasone has a capillary glucose of 16 mmol/L (288 mg/dL). They have no history of diabetes. What is the best explanation?

1. AA sign that the brain tumour has now spread to the pancreas
2. BSteroid-induced hyperglycaemia, which needs monitoring and treatment
3. CA lab error, because steroids lower blood glucose
4. DNormal for this patient, so no action is needed

Một bệnh nhân đái tháo nhạt trung ương bắt đầu dùng desmopressin. Điều dưỡng nên theo dõi biến chứng nào?

1. AHạ natri máu
2. BTăng đường huyết
3. CTăng kali máu
4. DTiêu chảy nặng