Phiếu bài tập Nội–ngoại khoa: thần kinh, nội tiết và thận có đáp án

Which group of features defines nephrotic syndrome?

1. AHeavy proteinuria, low albumin and oedema
2. BPainful urination, fever and frequency
3. CSevere loin pain that spreads to the groin
4. DBlood in the urine, high BP and low urine output

What is sciatica?

1. APain that spreads down the back of the leg from an irritated nerve root
2. BPain in the front of the knee caused by arthritis
3. CCramp in the calf muscle after exercise, caused by low potassium levels
4. DStiffness of the hips in the morning

What is a suprapubic catheter?

1. AA small catheter used only once and then removed
2. BA tube placed into the kidney through the back
3. CA catheter put into the bladder through the abdomen
4. DA catheter passed into the bladder through the urethra

A patient with Graves' eye disease has gritty eyes and swelling around them in the morning. Which advice is most appropriate?

1. ARub the eyes firmly each morning to reduce the swelling
2. BStay in bright sunlight to dry the eyes
3. CSmoking more will not affect the eyes
4. DUse lubricating drops and sleep with the head raised

An 85-year-old care home resident becomes newly confused and is falling more often. A UTI is one possibility. Why?

1. AA UTI cannot occur in people over 80
2. BOlder adults often show infection as confusion
3. CConfusion is the only symptom of a UTI at any age
4. DUrinary infections always cause a high fever in older adults

A patient taking warfarin is diagnosed with an intracerebral haemorrhage. What is the priority treatment?

1. ADoubling the warfarin dose to stabilise the INR
2. BUrgent reversal of the anticoagulant effect
3. CIV thrombolysis within 4,5 hours
4. DStarting aspirin to prevent further clots

A drowsy patient's glucose meter shows "HI". What should the nurse do?

1. AAssume the meter is broken and recheck tomorrow
2. BGive glucose gel in case the reading is wrong
3. CRecord "normal" in the notes because no number appears
4. DTreat it as very high, check ketones and escalate

Một bệnh nhân tăng áp lực nội sọ cần hút đờm qua nội khí quản. Cách tiếp cận nào phù hợp nhất?

1. AHút ít nhất 30 giây để làm sạch hết đờm một lần
2. BHút mỗi 15 phút thường quy, dù không có đờm
3. CCho bệnh nhân nằm phẳng, đầu quay sang bên khi hút
4. DCho thở oxy trước, mỗi lần hút ngắn và hạn chế số lần hút