Phiếu bài tập Nội–ngoại khoa: thần kinh, nội tiết và thận có đáp án

What is an arteriovenous fistula?

1. AA catheter placed into the abdominal cavity
2. BA surgical join between an artery and a vein
3. CA plastic tube placed in a large neck vein
4. DA blood clot that blocks an artery in the arm

What is overflow incontinence?

1. ALeaking when sneezing or jumping
2. BDribbling from a bladder that does not empty properly
3. CLeaking after a sudden strong urge
4. DWetting caused by not being able to undress quickly

What is stress urinary incontinence?

1. ALeaking after a sudden, strong urge to pass urine
2. BConstant dribbling from an overfull bladder
3. CBeing unable to reach the toilet in time due to poor mobility
4. DLeaking urine when coughing, sneezing or lifting

Why are patients on haemodialysis vaccinated against hepatitis B?

1. AShared dialysis units carry a higher infection risk
2. BThe vaccine is needed to make the dialyser work
3. CHepatitis B vaccine improves the fistula flow
4. DThe vaccine lowers the potassium level

A patient with myasthenia gravis wants to plan a busy day. Which advice fits the disease?

1. AAvoid rest periods, because rest makes the weakness worse
2. BDo demanding tasks in the morning or when the drug works best
3. CExercise to exhaustion so the muscles get stronger quickly
4. DDo the hardest tasks in the evening when muscles are warmed up

For which patient would the nurse question an order for pioglitazone?

1. AA patient with an allergy to latex
2. BA patient with heart failure
3. CA patient with asthma
4. DA patient with hypothyroidism

A patient with an insulin pump is admitted with nausea, a glucose of 19 mmol/L (342 mg/dL) and blood ketones of 3,1 mmol/L. What is the priority?

1. ADisconnect the pump and give no insulin until the ketones clear
2. BSuspect failed insulin delivery and give insulin by another route
3. CIncrease the pump rate and recheck the ketones in 12 hours
4. DGive an antiemetic only, because nausea is causing the high glucose

On the first day after a kidney transplant, urine output suddenly falls from 200 mL/h to 10 mL/h. What should the nurse check first?

1. AThat the catheter is not blocked or kinked
2. BWhether the patient has eaten
3. CThe patient's blood glucose level
4. DThe patient's temperature and pulse