Phiếu bài tập Nội–ngoại khoa: thần kinh, nội tiết và thận có đáp án

The nurse asks a patient to shrug their shoulders against resistance. Which cranial nerve is being tested?

1. AHypoglossal nerve (XII)
2. BFacial nerve (VII)
3. CAccessory nerve (XI)
4. DTrigeminal nerve (V)

Which HbA1c result is commonly used as the threshold for diagnosing diabetes?

1. A48 mmol/mol (6,5%) or higher
2. B30 mmol/mol (4,9%) or higher
3. C38 mmol/mol (5,6%) or higher
4. D75 mmol/mol (9,0%) or higher

What is acromegaly?

1. AToo little thyroid hormone in an adult
2. BToo little growth hormone in a child
3. CToo much growth hormone in an adult
4. DToo much cortisol from the adrenal glands

Why is pyridostigmine often taken about 30–60 minutes before meals by patients with myasthenia gravis?

1. ATo stop the drug from irritating an empty stomach later on
2. BTo reduce stomach acid so the food is digested better
3. CTo improve the strength of chewing and swallowing at mealtimes
4. DTo lower the blood glucose rise after eating a meal

A patient with advanced CKD asks how to manage indigestion. Which option should they avoid?

1. AEating smaller, more frequent meals
2. BRaising the head of the bed at night
3. CMagnesium-containing antacids
4. DAvoiding large meals late in the evening

A patient with type 1 diabetes has gastroenteritis and cannot eat. Which sick-day advice is correct?

1. AKeep taking basal insulin and check glucose and ketones more often
2. BCheck glucose once a day only and rest in bed until better
3. CAvoid drinking fluids to reduce the vomiting
4. DStop all insulin until normal eating restarts

Lúc 03:00 đường huyết của bệnh nhân là 3,6 mmol/L, nhưng trước bữa sáng thì cao. Họ tiêm insulin tác dụng kéo dài vào buổi tối. Điều dưỡng nên làm gì?

1. ACho thêm insulin lúc 03:00 vì giá trị buổi sáng sẽ cao
2. BNgừng mọi insulin vĩnh viễn và theo dõi đường huyết mỗi bốn giờ
3. CBỏ qua kết quả ban đêm và chỉ xử trí theo giá trị buổi sáng
4. DĐiều trị đường huyết thấp và báo kiểu hình này để xem lại liều buổi tối

The day after a lumbar puncture, a patient has a headache that is severe when standing and almost gone when lying flat. Temperature and neck movement are normal. What is the most likely cause?

1. ABacterial meningitis from the procedure
2. BA migraine triggered by stress
3. CA subarachnoid haemorrhage
4. DPost-dural puncture headache