Phiếu bài tập Nội–ngoại khoa: thần kinh, nội tiết và thận có đáp án

Which serum sodium result shows hyponatraemia in an adult?

1. A129 mmol/L
2. B142 mmol/L
3. C147 mmol/L
4. D138 mmol/L

Which organism causes most urinary tract infections?

1. AStreptococcus pneumoniae
2. BEscherichia coli
3. CCandida albicans
4. DStaphylococcus aureus

Một bệnh nhân bị đột quỵ ảnh hưởng bên trái của não. Yếu liệt nhiều khả năng xuất hiện ở đâu?

1. AỞ cả hai chân nhưng không ở tay
2. BỞ bên trái của cơ thể
3. CChỉ ở bên trái của mặt
4. DỞ bên phải của cơ thể

Which statement about storing insulin is correct?

1. AInsulin that has been frozen can be used once it has thawed
2. BInsulin should be kept on a sunny windowsill to stay warm
3. CUnopened insulin goes in the fridge and must never be frozen
4. DAll insulin must be stored in the freezer to keep it stable

A patient with type 1 diabetes has gastroenteritis and cannot eat. Which sick-day advice is correct?

1. AAvoid drinking fluids to reduce the vomiting
2. BStop all insulin until normal eating restarts
3. CKeep taking basal insulin and check glucose and ketones more often
4. DCheck glucose once a day only and rest in bed until better

Why is an ACE inhibitor often given to a patient with diabetes and albumin in the urine?

1. AIt protects the kidneys and reduces albumin loss
2. BIt lowers the blood glucose to normal
3. CIt raises potassium to protect the heart
4. DIt stops the kidneys from passing so much urine at night

An older patient with a UTI is now confused, with a respiratory rate of 24/min, BP 88/50 mmHg and a pulse of 120/min. What should happen?

1. AGive oral antibiotics and recheck in four hours
2. BStart sepsis care at once, with IV antibiotics and fluids
3. CEncourage oral fluids and wait for the urine culture
4. DTreat the confusion with a sedative

A patient with untreated end-stage kidney disease has chest pain that is worse lying flat and better sitting forward. A rub is heard over the heart. What is most likely?

1. AUraemic pericarditis, which usually needs urgent dialysis
2. BIndigestion from phosphate binders
3. CA rib fracture from coughing
4. DA stable angina attack, which needs only a nitrate spray and rest