Phiếu bài tập Nội–ngoại khoa: thần kinh, nội tiết và thận có đáp án

A stroke affects the anterior cerebral artery. Which weakness pattern is most typical?

1. ABoth legs are weak with normal arms
2. BThe opposite leg is weaker than the arm
3. CThe same side of the body is weak
4. DThe opposite arm and face are weaker than the leg

How should a patient collect a midstream urine sample?

1. ACollect the very first drops into the container
2. BCollect urine over 24 hours into one bottle
3. CLet the first part go in the toilet, then catch the middle
4. DCollect urine from the toilet bowl afterwards

Which hormones does the adrenal medulla release?

1. ACortisol and aldosterone
2. BThyroxine and calcitonin
3. CAdrenaline and noradrenaline
4. DInsulin and glucagon

Which nursing care is most important for a patient with diabetes insipidus?

1. AA strict fluid restriction to reduce the amount of urine passed
2. BGiving a loop diuretic to clear extra fluid
3. CWeighing the patient once a month
4. DStrict fluid balance, daily weight and free access to water

A patient with type 1 diabetes has gastroenteritis and cannot eat. Which sick-day advice is correct?

1. AKeep taking basal insulin and check glucose and ketones more often
2. BAvoid drinking fluids to reduce the vomiting
3. CStop all insulin until normal eating restarts
4. DCheck glucose once a day only and rest in bed until better

A patient with CKD is booked for a CT scan with iodinated contrast. Which measure helps protect the kidneys?

1. AGiving a dose of ibuprofen before the scan
2. BRestricting all fluids for 24 hours before the scan
3. CGood hydration around the scan, often with IV fluids
4. DDoubling the dose of contrast for a clearer image

A patient with known back pain says they now cannot feel the skin between their legs and have not passed urine for 12 hours. What should happen?

1. AAdvice to rest at home and take stronger painkillers
2. BA routine physiotherapy appointment next week
3. CUrgent MRI and referral to the spinal surgeons
4. DA laxative and review in the clinic in a month

A patient with a known ureteric stone develops a fever of 39 °C (102,2 °F) and rigors. Scanning shows a blocked, swollen kidney. What is needed?

1. AUrgent drainage of the kidney plus IV antibiotics
2. BStrong pain relief alone, then discharge
3. COral antibiotics and waiting for the stone to pass
4. DA fluid restriction to reduce the swelling