Phiếu bài tập Nội–ngoại khoa: thần kinh, nội tiết và thận có đáp án

How should a peritoneal dialysis catheter exit site be cared for?

1. AKept clean and dry and checked daily for redness
2. BCleaned with a strong bleach solution
3. CSoaked in a hot bath every day
4. DCovered with a tight bandage and not looked at for a week

What does aldosterone do?

1. AMakes the kidneys lose sodium and keep potassium
2. BLowers the blood calcium after meals
3. CMakes the kidneys keep sodium and lose potassium
4. DRaises the blood glucose between meals

Tư thế đầu nào thường được dùng cho bệnh nhân tăng áp lực nội sọ?

1. AĐầu nâng khoảng 30°, cổ thẳng
2. BNgồi thẳng, cổ cúi ra trước
3. CĐầu thấp hơn thân (Trendelenburg)
4. DNằm phẳng, đầu quay hẳn sang một bên

A routine blood test shows a potassium of 6,4 mmol/L. The lab reports that the sample was haemolysed. The patient feels well. What should the nurse do?

1. AIgnore it, because haemolysis always gives a normal result
2. BGive oral potassium supplements straight away
3. CStart dialysis as soon as possible
4. DInform the doctor and arrange an urgent repeat sample

A patient is due a rapid-acting insulin dose before lunch, but the meal trays are delayed. What should the nurse do?

1. AGive the insulin now and the meal when it comes
2. BOmit the dose entirely for the rest of the day
3. CWait to give the insulin until the meal arrives
4. DGive the insulin with a glass of water instead

Sau phẫu thuật tuyến yên, bệnh nhân đi tiểu 400 mL mỗi giờ trong ba giờ với tỷ trọng thấp. Điều dưỡng nên nghi ngờ điều gì?

1. AĐái tháo nhạt
2. BTổn thương thận cấp
3. CLợi niệu bình thường
4. DSIADH

A day after a total thyroidectomy, a patient has tingling lips, a positive Chvostek's sign and a corrected calcium of 1,85 mmol/L (about 7,4 mg/dL). What does the nurse expect?

1. AA loop diuretic to remove the extra calcium
2. BIV potassium chloride and a fluid restriction
3. COral levothyroxine, with a recheck of the calcium in a month
4. DIV calcium gluconate and monitoring for laryngospasm

Two days after surgery, an 80-year-old woman is quiet, sleepy, slow to answer and eating little. Her daughter says she is "not herself". What should the nurse suspect?

1. AHypoactive delirium
2. BSimple low mood about being in hospital
3. CThe start of Alzheimer's disease
4. DNormal tiredness after an operation