Phiếu bài tập Nội–ngoại khoa: thần kinh, nội tiết và thận có đáp án

A stroke affects the anterior cerebral artery. Which weakness pattern is most typical?

1. AThe opposite leg is weaker than the arm
2. BBoth legs are weak with normal arms
3. CThe opposite arm and face are weaker than the leg
4. DThe same side of the body is weak

Kiểu thở nào điển hình của nhiễm toan ceton do đái tháo đường?

1. AThở chậm, nông
2. BThở sâu, nhanh (Kussmaul)
3. CThở Cheyne–Stokes
4. DThở nhanh, nông, hổn hển kèm ran rít

In peritoneal dialysis, what acts as the dialysis membrane?

1. AThe lining of the stomach
2. BThe wall of the bladder
3. CThe lining of the abdominal cavity
4. DA filter in a machine outside the body

An 82-year-old taking apixaban fell three weeks ago. Since then their family has noticed increasing confusion and headaches. Which condition is most likely?

1. ANormal ageing with mild memory loss
2. BAcute extradural haematoma
3. CChronic subdural haematoma
4. DSubarachnoid haemorrhage from an aneurysm

A stroke patient speaks fluently, but the words make little sense, and they do not follow simple instructions. Which type of aphasia is this?

1. ADysarthria from facial weakness
2. BExpressive (Broca's) aphasia
3. CReceptive (Wernicke's) aphasia
4. DGlobal aphasia with no speech at all

Vì sao metformin thường được giữ lại khi tổn thương thận cấp hoặc quanh thời điểm dùng thuốc cản quang iod ở bệnh nhân nguy cơ?

1. AThuốc chặn thuốc cản quang nên không đọc được phim chụp
2. BThuốc gây hạ đường huyết nặng khi dùng cùng thuốc cản quang
3. CThuốc gây tăng kali máu khi thận bị tổn thương
4. DThuốc có thể tích lũy và làm tăng nguy cơ nhiễm toan lactic

A nurse teaches a carer to give buccal midazolam for prolonged seizures. Which statement shows a need for further teaching?

1. A"I will write down the time the seizure started and the time I gave the dose."
2. B"I will give it into the space between his gum and cheek."
3. C"I will put something between his teeth so he does not bite his tongue."
4. D"I will call an ambulance if the care plan tells me to."

A patient with gastroparesis has hypos soon after their meal-time insulin, then high glucose several hours later. What is the best explanation?

1. AThe insulin has gone off and needs replacing
2. BThe patient is secretly eating sweets between meals
3. CThe meter gives false results for several hours after every meal
4. DFood is absorbed slowly, so the insulin peaks before the glucose rises