Phiếu bài tập Nội–ngoại khoa: thần kinh, nội tiết và thận có đáp án

What is the main cause of the movement problems in Parkinson's disease?

1. ALoss of the myelin sheath around nerves in the brain and spinal cord
2. BLoss of dopamine-producing cells in the substantia nigra
3. CAntibodies that attack acetylcholine receptors in muscle
4. DToo much dopamine released in the basal ganglia

What is the most common type of kidney stone?

1. AStruvite
2. BCystine
3. CCalcium oxalate
4. DUric acid

Which symptoms in a patient with back pain suggest cauda equina syndrome?

1. ABack pain that eases when walking around the house
2. BPain that is worse after a long day at work
3. CMild stiffness in the morning that soon wears off
4. DNumbness between the legs and new bladder problems

A patient with advanced CKD asks how to manage indigestion. Which option should they avoid?

1. AEating smaller, more frequent meals
2. BRaising the head of the bed at night
3. CAvoiding large meals late in the evening
4. DMagnesium-containing antacids

Which headache feature most suggests raised intracranial pressure from a brain tumour?

1. AWorse on waking and on coughing, with vomiting
2. BA tight band across the forehead that eases with rest
3. CBetter in the morning and worse with stress
4. DOnly present after reading for a long time

A urine dipstick is positive for nitrites. What does this suggest?

1. AThe urine has a lot of glucose in it
2. BThe patient is dehydrated and needs more fluid
3. CThe kidneys are losing too much protein
4. DBacteria that convert nitrate are present

A nurse teaches the family of a patient on insulin how to manage a severe hypo. Which statement shows a need for further teaching?

1. A"I will put her on her side and call an ambulance straight away."
2. B"When she can swallow, I will give her a snack."
3. C"If she is unconscious, I will pour juice into her mouth."
4. D"I will give the glucagon as I was shown."

Một bệnh nhân đột quỵ và yếu nửa người phải sẵn sàng chuyển từ giường sang ghế. Cách tiếp cận nào an toàn nhất?

1. AKéo bệnh nhân lên bằng vai và cổ tay phải
2. BĐặt ghế ở bên trái và xoay người về phía đó
3. CĐặt ghế ở bên phải và nâng bằng tay yếu
4. DBảo bệnh nhân tự đứng dậy và đi đến ghế