Phiếu bài tập Nội–ngoại khoa: thần kinh, nội tiết và thận có đáp án

What does a complete spinal cord injury mean?

1. AAll vertebrae in the neck are broken
2. BThe patient can move but cannot feel below the injury
3. CThe spinal cord has been cut into two separate pieces
4. DNo movement or feeling below the injury, even in the sacral area

How is chronic kidney disease defined?

1. AA sudden rise in creatinine over 48 hours after surgery
2. BAbnormal kidney function or structure for over 3 months
3. CAny single raised creatinine result
4. DKidney pain lasting more than a week

What is acromegaly?

1. AToo little thyroid hormone in an adult
2. BToo much growth hormone in an adult
3. CToo little growth hormone in a child
4. DToo much cortisol from the adrenal glands

Before surgery for a phaeochromocytoma, why is an alpha-blocker started before any beta-blocker?

1. AA beta-blocker alone can cause a dangerous rise in BP
2. BAlpha-blockers lower the blood glucose before surgery
3. CThe order of the two drugs makes no difference
4. DBeta-blockers given first would make the tumour grow faster

Why is propranolol given to a patient with hyperthyroidism?

1. ATo destroy overactive thyroid tissue over a few weeks
2. BTo replace the hormone lost from the thyroid gland
3. CTo stop the thyroid gland from making any more hormones
4. DTo ease tremor and palpitations while other treatment starts

Which finding most suggests fluid overload in a patient with chronic kidney disease?

1. AA weight gain of 2 kg (4,4 lb) in two days with ankle swelling
2. BA weight loss of 1 kg (2,2 lb) after a hot day
3. CDark yellow urine and thirst
4. DA dry mouth and a low blood pressure when standing

A patient on carbamazepine is admitted confused, with a sodium of 121 mmol/L. Which explanation is most likely?

1. AThe low sodium proves the patient has stopped taking the drug
2. BCarbamazepine can cause hyponatraemia through an SIADH-like effect
3. CCarbamazepine causes salt loss through severe diarrhoea
4. DConfusion is a normal, expected effect of carbamazepine and is unrelated to sodium

A patient with a new arm fistula says their hand on that side is cold, pale and painful, especially during dialysis. What is the concern?

1. ASteal syndrome, which needs urgent review
2. BNormal healing that needs no action
3. CFluid overload in the arm
4. DAn allergic reaction to the dressing on the arm