Phiếu bài tập Nội–ngoại khoa: thần kinh, nội tiết và thận có đáp án

What does aldosterone do?

1. AMakes the kidneys keep sodium and lose potassium
2. BRaises the blood glucose between meals
3. CMakes the kidneys lose sodium and keep potassium
4. DLowers the blood calcium after meals

Why is dexamethasone often given to patients with a brain tumour?

1. ATo raise the blood pressure
2. BTo prevent infection after a biopsy
3. CTo kill the tumour cells directly
4. DTo reduce swelling around the tumour

Post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis typically follows which event?

1. AAn episode of bloody diarrhoea from food poisoning
2. BA long course of antibiotics for pneumonia
3. CA kidney stone passed the week before
4. DA throat or skin infection a few weeks earlier

A patient with a new ileal conduit has threads of mucus in their urine. What should the nurse explain?

1. AThis is a sign that the stoma is dying
2. BThe kidneys have stopped working properly after surgery
3. CThis proves a serious kidney infection
4. DThis is normal, because the conduit is made from bowel

A routine blood test shows a potassium of 6,4 mmol/L. The lab reports that the sample was haemolysed. The patient feels well. What should the nurse do?

1. AGive oral potassium supplements straight away
2. BIgnore it, because haemolysis always gives a normal result
3. CStart dialysis as soon as possible
4. DInform the doctor and arrange an urgent repeat sample

Một cơn co giật đã kéo dài năm phút và vẫn tiếp tục. Thuốc đầu tay thường dùng là gì?

1. AAdrenaline tiêm bắp vào mặt ngoài đùi
2. BLiều nạp phenytoin tĩnh mạch trước mọi thứ khác
3. CMột benzodiazepine như lorazepam tĩnh mạch hoặc midazolam đường má
4. DGlucose 50% tĩnh mạch cho mọi bệnh nhân, rồi đánh giá lại

The nurse has four patients. Which one needs to be seen first?

1. AA patient with stable CKD waiting for a renal diet review
2. BA patient with Parkinson's disease whose next dose is due in two hours
3. CA patient on insulin for DKA whose potassium is now 2,9 mmol/L
4. DA patient with hypothyroidism asking when to take levothyroxine

Six hours after a catheter is removed, a patient has not passed urine and feels uncomfortable. What should the nurse do?

1. ADo a bladder scan to check for retention
2. BTell the patient to drink two litres of water quickly
3. CWait until the next morning before checking
4. DPut the catheter back without assessing