Phiếu bài tập Dược lý học có đáp án

Đường dùng thuốc nào tránh được chuyển hóa lần đầu ở gan?

1. ATiêm tĩnh mạch
2. BThuốc đạn đặt cao trong trực tràng
3. CDung dịch uống
4. DViên nén uống

What is the most common side effect of first-generation antihistamines such as diphenhydramine?

1. ADiarrhoea
2. BDrowsiness
3. CRaised blood pressure
4. DInsomnia

Which drug is an antidote for methanol or ethylene glycol (antifreeze) poisoning?

1. AAtropine
2. BFomepizole
3. CFlumazenil
4. DNaloxone

A patient takes isoniazid. Which advice is most important?

1. AAvoid alcohol and report jaundice, dark urine or poor appetite
2. BTake it with antacids to protect the stomach from irritation
3. CExpect the urine to turn orange
4. DStop the drug when the cough improves

How should a patient take oral alendronate?

1. AWith milk at bedtime, then lying down straight away to aid absorption
2. BWith plain water on an empty stomach, staying upright for 30 minutes
3. CWith breakfast and coffee to protect the stomach
4. DCrushed into yoghurt with calcium supplements

How should a topical corticosteroid cream usually be applied?

1. AUnder a tight plastic dressing every night without advice
2. BAs a thick layer over the whole body
3. CAs a thin layer to the affected area only, as directed
4. DOn broken, infected skin to speed healing

A patient with HIV has a CD4 count below 200 cells/mm³. Which prophylaxis is usually started?

1. AOseltamivir to prevent influenza
2. BFluconazole to prevent urinary and skin infections
3. CCo-trimoxazole to prevent Pneumocystis pneumonia
4. DIsoniazid to prevent hepatitis B

A patient with diabetic ketoacidosis is about to start an IV insulin infusion. Serum potassium is 3,1 mmol/L (mEq/L). Why is this a concern?

1. APotassium has no link with insulin, so the infusion is started as planned
2. BInsulin moves potassium into cells, so the level can fall dangerously low
3. CLow potassium makes insulin ineffective, so a higher dose is needed
4. DInsulin raises potassium further and can cause cardiac arrest, so the infusion is given faster