Phiếu bài tập Dược lý học có đáp án

Epoetin alfa, often used in chronic kidney disease, stimulates the production of:

1. AWhite blood cells
2. BRed blood cells
3. CClotting factors
4. DPlatelets

Cơ quan nào bài tiết hầu hết các thuốc tan trong nước và chất chuyển hóa của chúng?

1. AGan
2. BDa
3. CPhổi
4. DThận

Nhóm thuốc nào được dùng để cắt cơn hen cấp?

1. AThuốc chẹn beta
2. BThuốc kháng histamin
3. CThuốc ức chế men chuyển (ACE)
4. DThuốc chủ vận beta-2 tác dụng ngắn

Why is IV promethazine given with great caution?

1. AIt causes immediate kidney failure
2. BIt is a strong opioid that causes addiction
3. CIt can cause severe tissue injury if it leaks or enters an artery
4. DIt causes a severe rise in blood pressure when it is given intravenously

How should a hyoscine (scopolamine) patch for motion sickness be used?

1. AApply it to the chest only after the vomiting has started
2. BCut it in half for children without advice
3. CSwallow it if no water is available
4. DApply it behind the ear several hours before travel

Which approach is usually recommended to prevent constipation in a patient on regular opioids?

1. ABulk-forming fibre alone, with fluid intake restricted
2. BNo laxative until the patient has not opened the bowels for a week
3. CA stimulant laxative such as senna, often with a stool softener
4. DAn antidiarrhoeal drug at night to slow the gut

A baby born to a mother on methadone becomes irritable on day 2, with a high-pitched cry, tremors, sneezing and poor feeding. What is the most likely cause?

1. ANeonatal opioid withdrawal syndrome
2. BNormal newborn behaviour
3. CVitamin K deficiency bleeding
4. DNeonatal hypoglycaemia from maternal diabetes

A patient on heparin for 7 days has a platelet count that has fallen by more than half, and a new leg vein thrombosis. What is the most likely cause and the key action?

1. ANormal dilution of platelets; continue and recheck in a week
2. BHeparin-induced thrombocytopenia; stop all heparin
3. CVitamin K deficiency; give vitamin K and continue heparin
4. DWarfarin skin necrosis; switch from heparin to warfarin at once