Cognitive psychology worksheet with answers

The smallest unit of language that carries meaning is a:

1. AMorpheme
2. BPhoneme
3. CPhrase
4. DLexicon

In categorisation research, a prototype is:

1. AA strict list of features every member must have
2. BThe first example of a category that a child learns in early life
3. CThe most typical member or average example of a category
4. DA rare and unusual member of a category

Functional MRI (fMRI) measures brain activity indirectly by detecting:

1. AMagnetic pulses applied to the skull
2. BThe structure of white matter only
3. CChanges in blood oxygenation
4. DElectrical activity at the scalp

Lists of similar-sounding letters (B, G, V, T) are harder to recall immediately than dissimilar letters (F, K, Y, W). This suggests short-term memory:

1. AMainly codes verbal information acoustically
2. BStores letters mainly as visual images of their shapes
3. CMainly codes information by meaning
4. DHas unlimited capacity for letters

In Duncker's candle problem, participants must fix a candle to a wall using a box of tacks and matches. The solution is hard to find because people:

1. ASpend too long trying to melt wax with the matches
2. BDo not realise the candle has to be lit first
3. CAssume the tacks are too short to hold the candle
4. DSee the box only as a container, not as a shelf

Students given a coffee mug ask for a much higher price to sell it than other students will pay to buy it. This is the:

1. AEndowment effect
2. BGambler's fallacy
3. CAnchoring effect
4. DSunk cost fallacy

When older adults recall autobiographical memories, they recall a disproportionately large number from roughly ages 10 to 30. This is called:

1. AInfantile amnesia
2. BThe reminiscence bump
3. CThe recency effect
4. DFlashbulb memory

Evidence that short-term and long-term memory are separate stores comes from patients who:

1. ARemember everything equally well
2. BHave impaired long-term learning but normal digit span, and others with the opposite pattern
3. CLose all memories after a mild headache
4. DShow the same recall for all list positions