Cognitive psychology worksheet with answers

Believing that after five tails in a row a fair coin is "due" to land heads is the:

1. AHindsight bias
2. BSunk cost fallacy
3. CEndowment effect
4. DGambler's fallacy

The feeling after an event that "I knew it all along" is called:

1. AHindsight bias
2. BConfirmation bias
3. COverconfidence
4. DAnchoring

Remembering what you did at your tenth birthday party relies mainly on:

1. ASemantic memory
2. BEpisodic memory
3. CIconic memory
4. DProcedural memory

Anchoring bias occurs when:

1. APeople prefer options presented as gains
2. BAn initial number strongly influences a later estimate
3. CPeople remember only the end of an experience
4. DPeople believe after the event that they knew the outcome all along

Broadbent's filter model of attention proposes that unattended messages are:

1. ABlocked by physical features before meaning is analysed
2. BProcessed at the same level as the attended message
3. CWeakened but still analysed for important meanings, such as names
4. DFully analysed for meaning and then quickly forgotten

Which feature is typical of an automatic process, such as reading a familiar word?

1. AIt can only be done slowly, one step at a time
2. BIt is easily disrupted by a second task
3. CIt needs a lot of conscious effort
4. DIt is fast and hard to stop once started

Strayer and Johnston found that hands-free phone conversations impaired simulated driving about as much as hand-held ones. What does this suggest?

1. ADriving is a fully automatic task
2. BTalking to a passenger in the car is just as distracting in every case
3. CThe main cost of phoning while driving is attentional, not manual
4. DHolding a phone is the only problem when driving

Which finding supports a reconstructive view of memory (Bartlett)?

1. AShort-term memory holds about seven items
2. BPeople can recall long lists of digits perfectly
3. CPeople retelling an unfamiliar story change it to fit their own culture
4. DMemories of emotional events never change