Cognitive psychology worksheet with answers

What is a heuristic?

1. AA type of long-term memory
2. BA mental shortcut used to make judgements quickly
3. CA disorder of perception
4. DA step-by-step procedure that always finds the right answer

In categorisation research, a prototype is:

1. AThe first example of a category that a child learns in early life
2. BThe most typical member or average example of a category
3. CA rare and unusual member of a category
4. DA strict list of features every member must have

Remembering what you did at your tenth birthday party relies mainly on:

1. AProcedural memory
2. BEpisodic memory
3. CIconic memory
4. DSemantic memory

"All mammals breathe air. Whales are mammals. Therefore whales breathe air." This is an example of:

1. ADeductive reasoning
2. BThe availability heuristic
3. CAnalogical reasoning
4. DInductive reasoning

The availability heuristic means people judge how likely an event is by:

1. AHow similar it is to a typical case
2. BThe first number they hear
3. CHow easily examples come to mind
4. DIts actual statistical frequency

Broadbent's filter model of attention proposes that unattended messages are:

1. ABlocked by physical features before meaning is analysed
2. BProcessed at the same level as the attended message
3. CFully analysed for meaning and then quickly forgotten
4. DWeakened but still analysed for important meanings, such as names

The framing effect is demonstrated when people:

1. ARemember the frame of a picture better than its content
2. BIgnore all numerical information
3. CChoose differently between identical options described as gains or as losses
4. DRecall information better in the same room

In Sperling's experiments, participants saw a 3 × 4 grid of letters briefly. When a tone signalled which row to report immediately afterwards, they could report most letters of that row. What did this show?

1. ABriefly seen letters are transferred into long-term memory at once
2. BMost of the display is briefly held but fades before it can all be reported
3. CHearing a warning tone improves visual perception of nearby letters in general
4. DIconic memory holds only about four letters, however they are tested