Cognitive psychology worksheet with answers

The tendency to search for information that supports what we already believe is called:

1. AHindsight bias
2. BConfirmation bias
3. CFundamental attribution error
4. DAnchoring

The smallest unit of sound in a language that can change the meaning of a word is a:

1. AGrapheme
2. BPhoneme
3. CSyllable
4. DMorpheme

Which researchers proposed the multi-store model of memory?

1. ACraik and Lockhart
2. BBaddeley and Hitch
3. CAtkinson and Shiffrin
4. DLoftus and Palmer

The availability heuristic means people judge how likely an event is by:

1. AThe first number they hear
2. BIts actual statistical frequency
3. CHow similar it is to a typical case
4. DHow easily examples come to mind

Baddeley added the episodic buffer to the working memory model to explain how working memory:

1. AStores visual information for a fraction of a second
2. BBinds information from different sources and from long-term memory
3. CRehearses speech sounds silently with an inner voice
4. DDirects attention and switches between tasks

In a lexical decision task, people recognise "nurse" as a word faster after seeing "doctor" than after seeing "bread". This is best explained by:

1. ARetroactive interference
2. BSpreading activation in a semantic network
3. CThe phonological similarity effect
4. DIconic memory decay

Choosing the first flat that meets your minimum requirements, rather than comparing every flat available, is what Herbert Simon called:

1. AAnchoring
2. BSatisficing
3. CMeans–end analysis
4. DMaximising

Evidence that short-term and long-term memory are separate stores comes from patients who:

1. AShow the same recall for all list positions
2. BRemember everything equally well
3. CLose all memories after a mild headache
4. DHave impaired long-term learning but normal digit span, and others with the opposite pattern