1.Easy
Continuing to invest in a failing project because of the money already spent is called the:
- AGambler's fallacy
- BAvailability heuristic
- CSunk cost fallacy
- DFraming effect
2.Easy
What is "chunking"?
- ASplitting attention between two tasks
- BForgetting information in large blocks
- CGrouping information into meaningful units to remember more
- DRepeating information aloud to remember it
3.Easy
Which researchers proposed the multi-store model of memory?
- AAtkinson and Shiffrin
- BBaddeley and Hitch
- CCraik and Lockhart
- DLoftus and Palmer
4.Medium
People verify "A robin is a bird" faster than "A penguin is a bird". This finding supports:
- AThe classical view that all members are equally good examples
- BThe multi-store model of memory
- CPrototype theory and graded category membership
- DFeature integration theory
5.Medium
In Collins and Quillian's hierarchical network model, why does "A canary is an animal" take longer to verify than "A canary is a bird"?
- AMore levels must be travelled to reach "animal"
- BCanaries are rated as untypical members of "animal"
- C"Animal" is a longer and less frequent word than "bird"
- DThe sentence contains more letters to read
6.Medium
In a lexical decision task, people recognise "nurse" as a word faster after seeing "doctor" than after seeing "bread". This is best explained by:
- ASpreading activation in a semantic network
- BThe phonological similarity effect
- CRetroactive interference
- DIconic memory decay
7.Hard
In the Wason selection task, cards show E, K, 4 and 7. The rule is "If a card has a vowel on one side, it has an even number on the other". Which cards must be turned to test the rule?
- AE and 4
- BE and 7
- CE only
- DE, 4 and 7
8.Hard
Warren replaced one speech sound in a sentence with a cough. Listeners reported hearing the sentence intact and could not locate the cough correctly. This is evidence for:
- AEchoic memory lasting for several minutes
- BPurely bottom-up speech perception
- CTop-down influences in speech perception
- DDamage to Broca's area
Answer key
- 1. C · Sunk cost fallacy
- 2. C · Grouping information into meaningful units to remember more
- 3. A · Atkinson and Shiffrin
- 4. C · Prototype theory and graded category membership
- 5. A · More levels must be travelled to reach "animal"
- 6. A · Spreading activation in a semantic network
- 7. B · E and 7
- 8. C · Top-down influences in speech perception
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