Cognitive psychology worksheet with answers

Linking new information to things you already know, so it becomes meaningful, is called:

1. ADecay
2. BRote repetition
3. CElaborative rehearsal
4. DMaintenance rehearsal

In categorisation research, a prototype is:

1. AThe first example of a category that a child learns in early life
2. BA rare and unusual member of a category
3. CA strict list of features every member must have
4. DThe most typical member or average example of a category

The Gestalt principle of proximity states that we tend to group together elements that are:

1. AForming a closed shape
2. BClose to each other
3. CMoving in the same direction
4. DSimilar in colour

Kosslyn found that the time to mentally scan between two landmarks on an imagined map increased with their distance. This suggests that mental images:

1. AAre stored only as abstract verbal descriptions of the scene
2. BAre processed in the phonological loop
3. CPreserve spatial relationships of the real scene
4. DCannot be inspected once formed

Loftus and Palmer's car crash study showed that:

1. AMemory for faces is more reliable than memory for events
2. BThe wording of a question can change eyewitness memory
3. CStress improves the accuracy of recall
4. DEyewitnesses are always accurate about speed

Anchoring bias occurs when:

1. APeople remember only the end of an experience
2. BPeople believe after the event that they knew the outcome all along
3. CAn initial number strongly influences a later estimate
4. DPeople prefer options presented as gains

Which finding supports a reconstructive view of memory (Bartlett)?

1. APeople can recall long lists of digits perfectly
2. BPeople retelling an unfamiliar story change it to fit their own culture
3. CMemories of emotional events never change
4. DShort-term memory holds about seven items

Warren replaced one speech sound in a sentence with a cough. Listeners reported hearing the sentence intact and could not locate the cough correctly. This is evidence for:

1. APurely bottom-up speech perception
2. BDamage to Broca's area
3. CTop-down influences in speech perception
4. DEchoic memory lasting for several minutes