Cognitive psychology worksheet with answers

The smallest unit of sound in a language that can change the meaning of a word is a:

1. AGrapheme
2. BMorpheme
3. CSyllable
4. DPhoneme

Functional MRI (fMRI) measures brain activity indirectly by detecting:

1. AChanges in blood oxygenation
2. BMagnetic pulses applied to the skull
3. CElectrical activity at the scalp
4. DThe structure of white matter only

A multiple-choice exam mainly tests which kind of retrieval?

1. AFree recall
2. BRelearning
3. CRecognition
4. DSerial recall

In dual-process theory, which task most clearly requires System 2 thinking?

1. AWorking out 17 × 24 in your head
2. BNoticing that a sound is loud
3. CRecognising a friend's face
4. DReading a large familiar word on a road sign

Anchoring bias occurs when:

1. AAn initial number strongly influences a later estimate
2. BPeople remember only the end of an experience
3. CPeople prefer options presented as gains
4. DPeople believe after the event that they knew the outcome all along

Encoding specificity means that recall is best when:

1. AThe material is learned in a noisy room
2. BInformation is learned in one long session
3. CLearning happens just before sleep only
4. DThe context at retrieval matches the context at learning

A patient with a long history of heavy alcohol use cannot form new memories and fills gaps with invented stories that he believes. This is typical of:

1. ARetrograde amnesia only
2. BKorsakoff's syndrome
3. CDissociative amnesia
4. DWernicke's aphasia

Linda is described as outspoken and concerned with social justice. Many people judge "Linda is a bank teller and a feminist" more likely than "Linda is a bank teller". What is the error?

1. AThe conjunction fallacy: A and B cannot be likelier than A
2. BThe gambler's fallacy: past events change the future odds
3. CAnchoring: the first description fixes the later estimate
4. DCorrect base-rate use: feminists are common among bank tellers