Cognitive psychology worksheet with answers

What is a heuristic?

1. AA type of long-term memory
2. BA disorder of perception
3. CA step-by-step procedure that always finds the right answer
4. DA mental shortcut used to make judgements quickly

Declarative memory, which can be consciously recalled and put into words, is also called:

1. AExplicit memory
2. BSensory memory
3. CImplicit memory
4. DMotor memory

The tendency to search for information that supports what we already believe is called:

1. AHindsight bias
2. BAnchoring
3. CConfirmation bias
4. DFundamental attribution error

Lists of similar-sounding letters (B, G, V, T) are harder to recall immediately than dissimilar letters (F, K, Y, W). This suggests short-term memory:

1. AMainly codes information by meaning
2. BHas unlimited capacity for letters
3. CStores letters mainly as visual images of their shapes
4. DMainly codes verbal information acoustically

Encoding specificity means that recall is best when:

1. AThe material is learned in a noisy room
2. BLearning happens just before sleep only
3. CInformation is learned in one long session
4. DThe context at retrieval matches the context at learning

In Collins and Quillian's hierarchical network model, why does "A canary is an animal" take longer to verify than "A canary is a bird"?

1. A"Animal" is a longer and less frequent word than "bird"
2. BMore levels must be travelled to reach "animal"
3. CThe sentence contains more letters to read
4. DCanaries are rated as untypical members of "animal"

The framing effect is demonstrated when people:

1. AChoose differently between identical options described as gains or as losses
2. BRecall information better in the same room
3. CRemember the frame of a picture better than its content
4. DIgnore all numerical information

Which finding supports a reconstructive view of memory (Bartlett)?

1. APeople retelling an unfamiliar story change it to fit their own culture
2. BPeople can recall long lists of digits perfectly
3. CShort-term memory holds about seven items
4. DMemories of emotional events never change