Cognitive psychology worksheet with answers

Köhler's chimpanzees, who suddenly stacked boxes to reach bananas, are a classic example of:

1. AMental set
2. BInsight
3. CFunctional fixedness
4. DTrial-and-error learning

The feeling after an event that "I knew it all along" is called:

1. AOverconfidence
2. BConfirmation bias
3. CHindsight bias
4. DAnchoring

An algorithm, in the psychology of problem solving, is:

1. AA sudden flash of understanding about a problem
2. BA quick rule of thumb that usually works well enough
3. CA mental picture of how the problem looks
4. DA step-by-step procedure that guarantees a solution

In Duncker's candle problem, participants must fix a candle to a wall using a box of tacks and matches. The solution is hard to find because people:

1. ADo not realise the candle has to be lit first
2. BSpend too long trying to melt wax with the matches
3. CSee the box only as a container, not as a shelf
4. DAssume the tacks are too short to hold the candle

Encoding specificity means that recall is best when:

1. AInformation is learned in one long session
2. BThe material is learned in a noisy room
3. CThe context at retrieval matches the context at learning
4. DLearning happens just before sleep only

A friend walking away from you does not seem to shrink, even though their image on your retina gets smaller. This is called:

1. ASize constancy
2. BShape constancy
3. CLinear perspective
4. DFigure–ground organisation

In Luchins' water jar problems, after solving several problems with the formula B − A − 2C, many participants kept using it even when a simpler solution (A − C) worked. This shows:

1. AFunctional fixedness about what the jars can be used for
2. BProactive interference in short-term memory
3. CSudden insight into the structure of the problem
4. DA mental set (Einstellung) that hides simpler solutions

Readers stumble on "The horse raced past the barn fell" before understanding it. What does this show about sentence processing?

1. APeople wait until the end of a sentence before interpreting it
2. BPeople build an interpretation word by word and must revise it when it fails
3. CShort sentences are always harder than long ones
4. DGrammar plays no role in understanding