1.Easy
The UK convention of collective ministerial responsibility means that:
- AMinisters must publicly support government decisions or resign
- BMinisters are elected together as a group
- CEach minister can veto Cabinet decisions
- DAll ministers are jointly liable in court for government decisions
2.Easy
Article 14 of the European Convention on Human Rights prohibits discrimination:
- AOnly on grounds of nationality
- BOnly by private employers
- CIn every area of life, as a free-standing right
- DIn the enjoyment of the other Convention rights
3.Easy
The separation of powers divides state power between:
- AThe central, regional and local tiers of government
- BThe police, the army and the courts
- CThe legislature, the executive and the judiciary
- DParliament, the monarch and the church
4.Medium
In Bellinger v Bellinger, the House of Lords could not read the marriage law to recognise a trans woman's marriage to a man, so it:
- ARead the statute compatibly under section 3
- BMade a declaration of incompatibility
- CStruck down the relevant provision
- DReferred the case to Strasbourg
5.Medium
Under AG v De Keyser's Royal Hotel, when a statute covers the same ground as a prerogative power:
- AThe government can choose freely between the two
- BThe prerogative is put in abeyance and the government must act under the statute
- CThe government may still choose the prerogative if it offers more flexible powers
- DThe prerogative overrides the statute
6.Medium
In Marbury v Madison (1803), the US Supreme Court established:
- AThe right to bear arms
- BThe power of courts to review the constitutionality of legislation
- CThe power of Congress to overrule decisions of the federal judiciary
- DThe President's veto power
7.Hard
The government introduces high fees for bringing claims to employment tribunals, and the number of claims falls sharply. In R (UNISON) v Lord Chancellor (2017), the Supreme Court held:
- AThe fees breached only EU competition law
- BThe fees were lawful because users of the courts must pay for them
- CThe fees were unlawful because they prevented access to justice
- DThe fees were lawful because Parliament authorised fees
8.Hard
The Constitutional Reform Act 2005 changed the office of Lord Chancellor so that:
- AThe Lord Chancellor gained power to dismiss judges
- BThe office was abolished completely
- CThe Lord Chancellor became President of the Supreme Court and head of the judiciary in England
- DThe Lord Chief Justice, not the Lord Chancellor, is head of the judiciary in England and Wales
Answer key
- 1. A · Ministers must publicly support government decisions or resign
- 2. D · In the enjoyment of the other Convention rights
- 3. C · The legislature, the executive and the judiciary
- 4. B · Made a declaration of incompatibility
- 5. B · The prerogative is put in abeyance and the government must act under the statute
- 6. B · The power of courts to review the constitutionality of legislation
- 7. C · The fees were unlawful because they prevented access to justice
- 8. D · The Lord Chief Justice, not the Lord Chancellor, is head of the judiciary in England and Wales
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