1.Easy
In a presidential system, such as that of the United States:
- AThe president is a ceremonial figure with no powers
- BThe president can dissolve the legislature at will
- CThe president is chosen by and from the legislature and must resign if it withdraws its confidence in the government
- DThe head of the executive is elected separately and does not depend on the legislature's confidence
2.Easy
The Salisbury convention in the UK means that the House of Lords:
- AElects the Speaker of the House of Commons
- BMay permanently veto bills that alter the constitution of the United Kingdom
- CDoes not block government bills carrying out manifesto commitments
- DMust approve all money bills within one week
3.Easy
In the UK, the royal prerogative is:
- AThe monarch's personal right to veto any Act
- BA set of powers conferred on the Prime Minister by the Constitutional Reform Act
- CA set of powers of the Crown recognised by common law, not created by statute
- DThe right of judges to overrule Parliament
4.Medium
To bring a claim for judicial review in England and Wales, the claimant must have:
- AA sufficient interest in the matter
- BA contract with the public body
- CPermission from the minister
- DSuffered financial loss
5.Medium
Which rights in the ECHR are absolute and allow no derogation even in an emergency?
- ARight to respect for private life (Article 8)
- BFreedom of expression (Article 10)
- CFreedom of assembly (Article 11)
- DThe prohibition of torture (Article 3)
6.Medium
Proportionality review usually asks whether a measure:
- AIs popular with voters
- BPursues a legitimate aim, is suitable, necessary and balanced
- CWas adopted quickly
- DIs the cheapest option available and has been approved by parliament
7.Hard
Officers enter a writer's house and seize his papers under a warrant issued by a Secretary of State with no legal authority to issue it. In Entick v Carrington, the court held:
- AThe search was unlawful, because state action needs legal authority
- BThe search was lawful, because state necessity justified seizing the papers
- CThe search was lawful, because the warrant was signed
- DThe writer could only complain to Parliament
8.Hard
The government introduces high fees for bringing claims to employment tribunals, and the number of claims falls sharply. In R (UNISON) v Lord Chancellor (2017), the Supreme Court held:
- AThe fees breached only EU competition law
- BThe fees were unlawful because they prevented access to justice
- CThe fees were lawful because Parliament authorised fees
- DThe fees were lawful because users of the courts must pay for them
Answer key
- 1. D · The head of the executive is elected separately and does not depend on the legislature's confidence
- 2. C · Does not block government bills carrying out manifesto commitments
- 3. C · A set of powers of the Crown recognised by common law, not created by statute
- 4. A · A sufficient interest in the matter
- 5. D · The prohibition of torture (Article 3)
- 6. B · Pursues a legitimate aim, is suitable, necessary and balanced
- 7. A · The search was unlawful, because state action needs legal authority
- 8. B · The fees were unlawful because they prevented access to justice
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