1.Easy
The European Convention on Human Rights was drawn up within:
- ANATO
- BThe Council of Europe
- CThe United Nations
- DThe European Union
2.Easy
The separation of powers divides state power between:
- AThe police, the army and the courts
- BThe central, regional and local tiers of government
- CParliament, the monarch and the church
- DThe legislature, the executive and the judiciary
3.Easy
A constitutional monarchy is one in which the monarch:
- ALeads the governing political party
- BHolds all legislative and executive power personally, and ministers merely advise on request
- CIs head of state but acts within constitutional limits, mostly on ministers' advice
- DIs elected by parliament every five years
4.Medium
To amend the Dutch Constitution under Article 137:
- AA simple majority in both chambers is enough, after which the King must sign the amendment into law
- BA national referendum must approve it
- CThe King and the Council of State decide it
- DA proposal is passed, elections follow, and then both chambers must approve it by two-thirds
5.Medium
In Bellinger v Bellinger, the House of Lords could not read the marriage law to recognise a trans woman's marriage to a man, so it:
- ARead the statute compatibly under section 3
- BStruck down the relevant provision
- CReferred the case to Strasbourg
- DMade a declaration of incompatibility
6.Medium
In Dudgeon v UK, the European Court of Human Rights held that criminalising consensual homosexual acts between adult men in Northern Ireland:
- AWas outside the scope of the Convention
- BViolated the right to respect for private life under Article 8
- CWas justified under Article 8(2) as necessary to protect public morals
- DViolated only the right to marry
7.Hard
Article 79(3) of the German Basic Law (the "eternity clause") forbids amendments that affect:
- AOnly the articles on taxation
- BThe electoral system, the number of seats in the Bundestag, or any of the rules in Articles 38 to 48 on elections
- CThe federal structure, the Länder's participation in legislation, or the principles in Articles 1 and 20
- DAny article of the Basic Law at all
8.Hard
A health authority moves a severely disabled woman into a care home after promising it would be her "home for life", then decides to close it. In R v North and East Devon HA, ex p Coughlan:
- AOnly a fair consultation was required
- BThe promise was void because the authority had no statutory power to make it
- CFrustrating her substantive legitimate expectation was an abuse of power
- DThe promise could be broken whenever policy changed
Answer key
- 1. B · The Council of Europe
- 2. D · The legislature, the executive and the judiciary
- 3. C · Is head of state but acts within constitutional limits, mostly on ministers' advice
- 4. D · A proposal is passed, elections follow, and then both chambers must approve it by two-thirds
- 5. D · Made a declaration of incompatibility
- 6. B · Violated the right to respect for private life under Article 8
- 7. C · The federal structure, the Länder's participation in legislation, or the principles in Articles 1 and 20
- 8. C · Frustrating her substantive legitimate expectation was an abuse of power
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