1.Easy
Which body adopts laws in a parliamentary democracy?
- AThe legislature (parliament)
- BThe police
- CThe prime minister alone
- DThe supreme court
2.Easy
The Dutch Parliament (Staten-Generaal) consists of:
- AThe provincial councils and municipal councils
- BThe King and the Council of Ministers
- CThe Council of State and the Supreme Court
- DThe House of Representatives (Tweede Kamer) and the Senate (Eerste Kamer)
3.Easy
A "rigid" constitution is one that:
- ACan be changed by an ordinary Act
- BCan be amended only by a special procedure
- CCan never be amended at all
- DIs enforced strictly by the army
4.Medium
Ellen Street Estates v Minister of Health is cited for the principle that:
- AParliament can entrench an Act against later repeal by stating expressly that it may not be amended in future
- BEarlier Acts always prevail over later Acts
- CParliament cannot bind its successors, and a later Act impliedly repeals an inconsistent earlier one
- DCourts may refuse to apply a later Act
5.Medium
In Ghaidan v Godin-Mendoza, the House of Lords used section 3 of the Human Rights Act to read "as his or her wife or husband" in the Rent Act as:
- AApplying only to registered marriages
- BExcluding all unmarried partners
- CIncompatible, so it issued a declaration
- DIncluding same-sex partners
6.Medium
Proportionality review usually asks whether a measure:
- AIs the cheapest option available and has been approved by parliament
- BPursues a legitimate aim, is suitable, necessary and balanced
- CIs popular with voters
- DWas adopted quickly
7.Hard
The Constitutional Reform Act 2005 changed the office of Lord Chancellor so that:
- AThe Lord Chief Justice, not the Lord Chancellor, is head of the judiciary in England and Wales
- BThe Lord Chancellor gained power to dismiss judges
- CThe Lord Chancellor became President of the Supreme Court and head of the judiciary in England
- DThe office was abolished completely
8.Hard
In R (Nicklinson) v Ministry of Justice (2014), concerning the ban on assisted suicide, the majority of the UK Supreme Court:
- ARead the ban down under section 3 to allow assisted dying
- BDeclined to make a declaration of incompatibility at that time, leaving it to Parliament
- CHeld that Article 8 was not engaged at all
- DMade a declaration of incompatibility with Article 8, while leaving the ban itself in force for now
Answer key
- 1. A · The legislature (parliament)
- 2. D · The House of Representatives (Tweede Kamer) and the Senate (Eerste Kamer)
- 3. B · Can be amended only by a special procedure
- 4. C · Parliament cannot bind its successors, and a later Act impliedly repeals an inconsistent earlier one
- 5. D · Including same-sex partners
- 6. B · Pursues a legitimate aim, is suitable, necessary and balanced
- 7. A · The Lord Chief Justice, not the Lord Chancellor, is head of the judiciary in England and Wales
- 8. B · Declined to make a declaration of incompatibility at that time, leaving it to Parliament
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