1.Easy
Members of the Dutch Senate (Eerste Kamer) are mainly elected by:
- AAppointment by the King
- BDirect vote of all citizens
- CMembers of the House of Representatives
- DMembers of the provincial councils
2.Easy
Article 5 of the European Convention on Human Rights protects:
- AThe right to an effective remedy
- BFreedom of religion
- CThe right to marry
- DThe right to liberty and security
3.Easy
A federal state is one in which:
- AAll power is held by the capital city
- BThere is no central government
- CRegions may secede unilaterally whenever a majority of their voters wishes
- DPower is constitutionally divided between a central government and regions
4.Medium
In the United States, Congress can override a presidential veto by:
- AA simple majority in the House only
- BA two-thirds vote in both the House and the Senate
- CA three-quarters vote of the states
- DAsking the Supreme Court to approve the bill
5.Medium
In Bellinger v Bellinger, the House of Lords could not read the marriage law to recognise a trans woman's marriage to a man, so it:
- ARead the statute compatibly under section 3
- BMade a declaration of incompatibility
- CReferred the case to Strasbourg
- DStruck down the relevant provision
6.Medium
In the GCHQ case, the House of Lords held that the exercise of prerogative powers:
- AIs always fully reviewable, whatever subject matter it concerns
- BCan be judicially reviewed, depending on its subject matter
- CCan be reviewed only if Parliament agrees
- DCan never be reviewed by the courts
7.Hard
In Germany, an individual who claims a public authority has violated their basic rights may, after exhausting other remedies, bring:
- AA case to the European Court of Justice
- BA constitutional complaint to the Federal Constitutional Court
- CA request to the Federal President to veto
- DA petition directly to the Bundestag's President
8.Hard
The Wednesbury unreasonableness test asks whether a decision is:
- AUnpopular with the public
- BSlightly less than ideal
- CDifferent from what the judge would have decided on the same evidence
- DSo unreasonable that no reasonable authority could have made it
Answer key
- 1. D · Members of the provincial councils
- 2. D · The right to liberty and security
- 3. D · Power is constitutionally divided between a central government and regions
- 4. B · A two-thirds vote in both the House and the Senate
- 5. B · Made a declaration of incompatibility
- 6. B · Can be judicially reviewed, depending on its subject matter
- 7. B · A constitutional complaint to the Federal Constitutional Court
- 8. D · So unreasonable that no reasonable authority could have made it
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