1.Easy
The European Convention on Human Rights was drawn up within:
- ANATO
- BThe United Nations
- CThe European Union
- DThe Council of Europe
2.Easy
In the UK, the head of government is:
- AThe monarch
- BThe Lord Chancellor
- CThe Speaker of the House of Commons
- DThe Prime Minister
3.Easy
The Salisbury convention in the UK means that the House of Lords:
- AElects the Speaker of the House of Commons
- BDoes not block government bills carrying out manifesto commitments
- CMust approve all money bills within one week
- DMay permanently veto bills that alter the constitution of the United Kingdom
4.Medium
In Soering v UK, the European Court of Human Rights held that extraditing a man to the US to face a possible death sentence would breach Article 3 because:
- AHe would not receive a fair trial
- BThe US is not a party to the Convention
- CThe death penalty itself always amounts to torture under Article 3
- DOf the extreme conditions and long wait on death row
5.Medium
To amend the Dutch Constitution under Article 137:
- AA national referendum must approve it
- BA proposal is passed, elections follow, and then both chambers must approve it by two-thirds
- CThe King and the Council of State decide it
- DA simple majority in both chambers is enough, after which the King must sign the amendment into law
6.Medium
In CCSU v Minister for the Civil Service (the GCHQ case), Lord Diplock classified the grounds of judicial review as:
- AFraud, mistake and duress
- BIllegality, irrationality and procedural impropriety
- CJurisdiction, motive and fairness
- DLegality, legitimacy and proportionality
7.Hard
Dicey argued that in England individual liberties were mainly protected by:
- AA written bill of rights with higher status
- BThe personal decisions of the monarch
- CA specialised constitutional court
- DThe ordinary courts applying the common law
8.Hard
A tribunal orders publication of Prince Charles's letters to ministers. The Attorney General issues a certificate under the Freedom of Information Act overriding it. In R (Evans) v Attorney General (2015), the Supreme Court held:
- AThe letters could never be published
- BThe Act was incompatible with Article 10 ECHR
- CThe certificate was valid, as the Act gave him an unqualified veto over any tribunal decision on disclosure
- DThe certificate was invalid, as he had merely disagreed with the tribunal's view of the same facts
Answer key
- 1. D · The Council of Europe
- 2. D · The Prime Minister
- 3. B · Does not block government bills carrying out manifesto commitments
- 4. D · Of the extreme conditions and long wait on death row
- 5. B · A proposal is passed, elections follow, and then both chambers must approve it by two-thirds
- 6. B · Illegality, irrationality and procedural impropriety
- 7. D · The ordinary courts applying the common law
- 8. D · The certificate was invalid, as he had merely disagreed with the tribunal's view of the same facts
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