1.Easy
In the UK, the head of government is:
- AThe monarch
- BThe Prime Minister
- CThe Speaker of the House of Commons
- DThe Lord Chancellor
2.Easy
Under section 19 of the UK Human Rights Act 1998, the minister in charge of a bill must:
- AObtain the Supreme Court's approval of its compatibility before second reading
- BSend it to the European Court of Human Rights
- CMake a statement about whether it is compatible with Convention rights
- DHold a public consultation on it
3.Easy
A unitary state is one in which:
- AThe head of state is also head of government
- BRegions have powers guaranteed by the constitution, which the centre cannot alter alone
- CSovereign power is held at the centre, which may delegate powers to other levels
- DThere is only one political party
4.Medium
In Dudgeon v UK, the European Court of Human Rights held that criminalising consensual homosexual acts between adult men in Northern Ireland:
- AViolated only the right to marry
- BWas justified under Article 8(2) as necessary to protect public morals
- CViolated the right to respect for private life under Article 8
- DWas outside the scope of the Convention
5.Medium
In R (Jackson) v Attorney General, the House of Lords held that:
- AThe Parliament Act 1949 and the Hunting Act 2004 passed under it were valid
- BActs passed under the Parliament Acts were merely invalid delegated legislation
- CThe House of Lords could veto any bill permanently
- DThe Hunting Act was incompatible with Convention rights
6.Medium
In the United States, Congress can override a presidential veto by:
- AA simple majority in the House only
- BA two-thirds vote in both the House and the Senate
- CA three-quarters vote of the states
- DAsking the Supreme Court to approve the bill
7.Hard
Under Article 15 of the ECHR, a state may derogate from some obligations in time of war or public emergency, but not from:
- AArticle 8 (private life)
- BArticle 3 (torture) and Article 4(1) (slavery), among others
- CArticle 5 (liberty) and Article 6 (fair trial), among others
- DArticle 11 (assembly)
8.Hard
In R (Privacy International) v Investigatory Powers Tribunal (2019), the Supreme Court held that an ouster clause protecting the Tribunal's decisions:
- AWas invalid because it was in secondary legislation
- BExcluded all review of its decisions
- CApplied only to decisions on national security
- DDid not exclude judicial review of its errors of law
Answer key
- 1. B · The Prime Minister
- 2. C · Make a statement about whether it is compatible with Convention rights
- 3. C · Sovereign power is held at the centre, which may delegate powers to other levels
- 4. C · Violated the right to respect for private life under Article 8
- 5. A · The Parliament Act 1949 and the Hunting Act 2004 passed under it were valid
- 6. B · A two-thirds vote in both the House and the Senate
- 7. B · Article 3 (torture) and Article 4(1) (slavery), among others
- 8. D · Did not exclude judicial review of its errors of law
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