1.Easy
A codified constitution is one whose main rules are:
- ABased entirely on unwritten customs
- BCollected in a single written document
- CAgreed afresh after every election
- DFound only in judicial decisions
2.Easy
Under section 19 of the UK Human Rights Act 1998, the minister in charge of a bill must:
- ASend it to the European Court of Human Rights
- BMake a statement about whether it is compatible with Convention rights
- CObtain the Supreme Court's approval of its compatibility before second reading
- DHold a public consultation on it
3.Easy
In the United States, the "Bill of Rights" refers to:
- AA statute passed by Congress in the 1960s
- BThe Declaration of Independence
- CThe first article of the Constitution
- DThe first ten amendments to the Constitution
4.Medium
In Soering v UK, the European Court of Human Rights held that extraditing a man to the US to face a possible death sentence would breach Article 3 because:
- AThe death penalty itself always amounts to torture under Article 3
- BOf the extreme conditions and long wait on death row
- CThe US is not a party to the Convention
- DHe would not receive a fair trial
5.Medium
In CCSU v Minister for the Civil Service (the GCHQ case), Lord Diplock classified the grounds of judicial review as:
- AIllegality, irrationality and procedural impropriety
- BFraud, mistake and duress
- CLegality, legitimacy and proportionality
- DJurisdiction, motive and fairness
6.Medium
Which rights in the ECHR are absolute and allow no derogation even in an emergency?
- AFreedom of assembly (Article 11)
- BThe prohibition of torture (Article 3)
- CFreedom of expression (Article 10)
- DRight to respect for private life (Article 8)
7.Hard
In R (Miller) v Secretary of State for Exiting the EU (2017), the UK Supreme Court held that:
- AParliamentary legislation was required to give notice of withdrawal from the EU
- BThe government could give notice using prerogative powers without any Act of Parliament
- CDevolved legislatures had a veto over Brexit
- DThe referendum result was legally binding
8.Hard
Under Article 15 of the ECHR, a state may derogate from some obligations in time of war or public emergency, but not from:
- AArticle 3 (torture) and Article 4(1) (slavery), among others
- BArticle 5 (liberty) and Article 6 (fair trial), among others
- CArticle 11 (assembly)
- DArticle 8 (private life)
Answer key
- 1. B · Collected in a single written document
- 2. B · Make a statement about whether it is compatible with Convention rights
- 3. D · The first ten amendments to the Constitution
- 4. B · Of the extreme conditions and long wait on death row
- 5. A · Illegality, irrationality and procedural impropriety
- 6. B · The prohibition of torture (Article 3)
- 7. A · Parliamentary legislation was required to give notice of withdrawal from the EU
- 8. A · Article 3 (torture) and Article 4(1) (slavery), among others
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