1.Easy
Under the Parliament Acts 1911 and 1949, the House of Lords can generally delay most public bills passed by the Commons for about:
- AOne year
- BFive years
- CAs long as it wishes
- DOne week
2.Easy
A codified constitution is one whose main rules are:
- AAgreed afresh after every election
- BCollected in a single written document
- CBased entirely on unwritten customs
- DFound only in judicial decisions
3.Easy
In a presidential system, such as that of the United States:
- AThe president can dissolve the legislature at will
- BThe head of the executive is elected separately and does not depend on the legislature's confidence
- CThe president is chosen by and from the legislature and must resign if it withdraws its confidence in the government
- DThe president is a ceremonial figure with no powers
4.Medium
Which ground of judicial review applies when a decision-maker ignores a relevant consideration?
- AIllegality
- BNone, because courts never review considerations
- CLegitimate expectation only
- DProcedural impropriety only
5.Medium
Constitutional conventions are:
- AWritten rules found in statutes that courts enforce like any other law
- BNon-legal rules of political practice that are regarded as binding
- CMeetings held to write a new constitution
- DInternational treaties about the constitution
6.Medium
Under section 2 of the UK Human Rights Act 1998, UK courts must, when deciding Convention rights questions:
- ATake into account judgments of the European Court of Human Rights
- BIgnore Strasbourg case law
- CFollow every relevant Strasbourg judgment strictly, as binding precedent
- DRefer all questions to Strasbourg
7.Hard
In the Dutch system, the Council of State (Raad van State) mainly:
- AElects the members of parliament
- BHears criminal appeals
- CAdvises on legislation and acts as the highest administrative court in many areas
- DAppoints the prime minister and supervises the formation of a new coalition government
8.Hard
In the Case of Proclamations (1610), the court held that the King:
- ACould change any law by proclamation
- BCould suspend Acts of Parliament
- CCould dismiss judges who disagreed
- DCould not create new offences by proclamation
Answer key
- 1. A · One year
- 2. B · Collected in a single written document
- 3. B · The head of the executive is elected separately and does not depend on the legislature's confidence
- 4. A · Illegality
- 5. B · Non-legal rules of political practice that are regarded as binding
- 6. A · Take into account judgments of the European Court of Human Rights
- 7. C · Advises on legislation and acts as the highest administrative court in many areas
- 8. D · Could not create new offences by proclamation
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