1.Easy
Article 14 of the European Convention on Human Rights prohibits discrimination:
- AOnly on grounds of nationality
- BOnly by private employers
- CIn the enjoyment of the other Convention rights
- DIn every area of life, as a free-standing right
2.Easy
Under section 6 of the UK Human Rights Act 1998, it is unlawful for:
- AA public authority to act incompatibly with Convention rights
- BCourts to apply Acts of Parliament
- CA private person to breach any Convention right
- DParliament to pass any Act limiting rights
3.Easy
Individual ministerial responsibility means that a minister:
- AMust personally approve every decision of their department
- BCan be removed from office by the courts
- CIs personally liable to pay damages for errors made by their civil servants
- DIs accountable to Parliament for their department and personal conduct
4.Medium
In England and Wales, a claim for judicial review must generally be filed:
- AWithin six years
- BAt any time
- CPromptly, and in any event within three months
- DWithin one year
5.Medium
To bring a claim for judicial review in England and Wales, the claimant must have:
- ASuffered financial loss
- BA contract with the public body
- CPermission from the minister
- DA sufficient interest in the matter
6.Medium
Which rights in the ECHR are absolute and allow no derogation even in an emergency?
- AThe prohibition of torture (Article 3)
- BFreedom of assembly (Article 11)
- CRight to respect for private life (Article 8)
- DFreedom of expression (Article 10)
7.Hard
Dicey argued that in England individual liberties were mainly protected by:
- AA specialised constitutional court
- BThe personal decisions of the monarch
- CThe ordinary courts applying the common law
- DA written bill of rights with higher status
8.Hard
In the Dutch system, the Council of State (Raad van State) mainly:
- AHears criminal appeals
- BAdvises on legislation and acts as the highest administrative court in many areas
- CAppoints the prime minister and supervises the formation of a new coalition government
- DElects the members of parliament
Answer key
- 1. C · In the enjoyment of the other Convention rights
- 2. A · A public authority to act incompatibly with Convention rights
- 3. D · Is accountable to Parliament for their department and personal conduct
- 4. C · Promptly, and in any event within three months
- 5. D · A sufficient interest in the matter
- 6. A · The prohibition of torture (Article 3)
- 7. C · The ordinary courts applying the common law
- 8. B · Advises on legislation and acts as the highest administrative court in many areas
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