1.Easy
The European Convention on Human Rights was drawn up within:
- ANATO
- BThe Council of Europe
- CThe European Union
- DThe United Nations
2.Easy
Individual ministerial responsibility means that a minister:
- AMust personally approve every decision of their department
- BCan be removed from office by the courts
- CIs accountable to Parliament for their department and personal conduct
- DIs personally liable to pay damages for errors made by their civil servants
3.Easy
Judicial review allows courts to:
- ARewrite any legislation they consider unwise
- BDecide elections
- CCheck whether public bodies act lawfully
- DAppoint government ministers
4.Medium
After Burmah Oil v Lord Advocate held that compensation was due for property destroyed during the war, Parliament passed the War Damage Act 1965, which:
- AWas struck down by the courts
- BRequired the courts to hear the case again
- CRemoved the right to compensation retrospectively
- DIncreased the compensation payable
5.Medium
In Lingens v Austria, the European Court of Human Rights held that politicians:
- ACannot sue for defamation at all
- BHave no rights under Article 10
- CMust tolerate wider criticism than private individuals
- DAre fully protected from any criticism
6.Medium
Constitutional conventions are:
- AWritten rules found in statutes that courts enforce like any other law
- BNon-legal rules of political practice that are regarded as binding
- CInternational treaties about the constitution
- DMeetings held to write a new constitution
7.Hard
In R (Miller) v Secretary of State for Exiting the EU (2017), the Supreme Court said about the Sewel convention that:
- AIt applies only to Northern Ireland
- BIt is a political convention that courts cannot enforce
- CIt requires Scottish consent to the UK's withdrawal from the EU
- DIt became legally binding when written into statute
8.Hard
The legitimate expectation doctrine protects individuals when:
- AAny person hopes for a favourable decision
- BA minister speaks in Parliament
- CA public body made a clear promise or established practice that it then seeks to depart from unfairly
- DA contract with the government exists and the public body later fails to perform its contractual obligations
Answer key
- 1. B · The Council of Europe
- 2. C · Is accountable to Parliament for their department and personal conduct
- 3. C · Check whether public bodies act lawfully
- 4. C · Removed the right to compensation retrospectively
- 5. C · Must tolerate wider criticism than private individuals
- 6. B · Non-legal rules of political practice that are regarded as binding
- 7. B · It is a political convention that courts cannot enforce
- 8. C · A public body made a clear promise or established practice that it then seeks to depart from unfairly
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