1.Easy
An ombudsman typically:
- AProsecutes criminal offences committed by ministers and civil servants
- BInvestigates complaints of maladministration by public bodies
- CDrafts legislation for parliament
- DHears appeals from the highest court
2.Easy
The European Convention on Human Rights is enforced by:
- AThe Court of Justice of the European Union in Luxembourg
- BThe International Court of Justice in The Hague
- CThe European Court of Human Rights in Strasbourg
- DThe European Parliament
3.Easy
The United Kingdom's constitution is best described as:
- AFully written in one document
- BCopied from the US constitution
- CSet out entirely in EU treaties
- DLargely uncodified
4.Medium
In Thoburn v Sunderland City Council (the "metric martyrs" case), Laws LJ said that "constitutional statutes":
- ACannot be impliedly repealed, only expressly
- BPrevail automatically over all later Acts of Parliament
- CCannot be repealed at all
- DMust be approved by referendum
5.Medium
A bicameral legislature has:
- ANo elected members
- BOne chamber
- CTwo chambers
- DThree chambers
6.Medium
In Dudgeon v UK, the European Court of Human Rights held that criminalising consensual homosexual acts between adult men in Northern Ireland:
- AWas outside the scope of the Convention
- BViolated only the right to marry
- CViolated the right to respect for private life under Article 8
- DWas justified under Article 8(2) as necessary to protect public morals
7.Hard
The "margin of appreciation" doctrine of the European Court of Human Rights means that:
- AEvery state must apply identical rules
- BStates have some discretion in how they protect rights, especially on sensitive moral issues
- CThe Court never reviews national decisions
- DStates may disregard Strasbourg judgments whenever their own parliament disagrees with the outcome
8.Hard
After a court makes a declaration of incompatibility, section 10 of the UK Human Rights Act 1998 allows a minister to:
- AOverrule the court's declaration
- BRefer the case directly to Strasbourg
- CAmend the incompatible legislation by a remedial order
- DSuspend the Convention right in question
Answer key
- 1. B · Investigates complaints of maladministration by public bodies
- 2. C · The European Court of Human Rights in Strasbourg
- 3. D · Largely uncodified
- 4. A · Cannot be impliedly repealed, only expressly
- 5. C · Two chambers
- 6. C · Violated the right to respect for private life under Article 8
- 7. B · States have some discretion in how they protect rights, especially on sensitive moral issues
- 8. C · Amend the incompatible legislation by a remedial order
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