1.Easy
The defence of duress requires a threat of:
- ADamage to one's property
- BDeath or serious injury
- CPublic embarrassment
- DLosing one's job
2.Easy
In English law, a battery is:
- AThe intentional or reckless application of unlawful force to another
- BCausing serious injury with a weapon
- CAny rude remark made in public
- DCausing another to apprehend the immediate application of unlawful force
3.Easy
Under section 4 of the Theft Act 1968, which of these cannot normally be stolen?
- AMoney
- BLand
- CA bank balance
- DA bicycle
4.Medium
During a burglary, D has handed a knife to an accomplice. When someone arrives, D says "come on, let's go" and climbs out; the accomplice stabs the person. Following R v Becerra, D's withdrawal is:
- ANot effective, because withdrawal must be timely and unequivocal and may need more than words once violence is imminent
- BEffective, because any words of withdrawal are always enough
- CIrrelevant, because once an accessory has supplied a weapon, no later act of withdrawal can ever relieve them of liability
- DEffective, because D left before the crime was completed
5.Medium
D grabs V's handbag so forcefully that V's hand is pulled down. Following R v Clouden, this can be:
- AOnly battery, because the bag was not taken
- BRobbery, because force was used on the person to steal
- CBurglary, because the bag was V's property
- DOnly theft, because there was no direct contact with V's body
6.Medium
D drives on the pavement to escape a man who is threatening to kill him. The most suitable defence is:
- ALoss of control
- BDuress of circumstances
- CConsent
- DDiminished responsibility
7.Hard
In Sweet v Parsley (1970), a landlady was convicted of being concerned in the management of premises used for smoking cannabis. The House of Lords:
- AQuashed the conviction, holding that mens rea is presumed unless Parliament clearly excludes it
- BUpheld the conviction because drug offences are always strict liability in order to protect public health
- CHeld that landladies have a duty to search their tenants
- DHeld that cannabis offences require a commercial purpose
8.Hard
In English law, the partial defence of loss of control reduces murder to:
- AInvoluntary manslaughter
- BAn acquittal
- CGrievous bodily harm
- DVoluntary manslaughter
Answer key
- 1. B · Death or serious injury
- 2. A · The intentional or reckless application of unlawful force to another
- 3. B · Land
- 4. A · Not effective, because withdrawal must be timely and unequivocal and may need more than words once violence is imminent
- 5. B · Robbery, because force was used on the person to steal
- 6. B · Duress of circumstances
- 7. A · Quashed the conviction, holding that mens rea is presumed unless Parliament clearly excludes it
- 8. D · Voluntary manslaughter
Full step-by-step solutions: practise this topic on examproblems.com.