1.Easy
Which statute contains the main non-fatal offences against the person in England and Wales (ABH, wounding, GBH)?
- AThe Criminal Damage Act 1971
- BThe Theft Act 1968
- CThe Homicide Act 1957
- DThe Offences Against the Person Act 1861
2.Easy
Automatism as a defence refers to:
- AActing under the influence of strong anger
- BActing without voluntary control over one's body
- CActing under threats from another person
- DActing in the belief that the act is lawful
3.Easy
Self-defence is generally a defence when the force used is:
- AUsed after the threat has ended
- BPlanned in advance as revenge
- CAs strong as possible
- DNecessary and reasonable in the circumstances
4.Medium
D and V are playing a properly organised rugby match. D tackles V within the rules and V breaks a leg. D is most likely:
- ALiable for battery, because consent is never a defence to serious bodily harm
- BNot liable, because players consent to injuries within the rules of the game
- CLiable, because rugby is not a recognised sport
- DLiable for GBH, because a serious injury was caused
5.Medium
For malicious wounding or inflicting GBH under section 20 OAPA, the defendant must at least have foreseen:
- AThat the victim would die
- BNothing, because it is strict liability
- CThat some physical harm might result
- DThat serious harm would certainly result
6.Medium
D parks his car on a police officer's foot by accident, then refuses to move it once told. Under Fagan v MPC, this is:
- AA mere omission without any duty to act
- BA battery, because the act was continuing when the mens rea arose
- CNo offence, because the original act was accidental and mens rea arose only afterwards
- DOnly criminal damage to the officer's shoe
7.Hard
In R v Lloyd (1985), a cinema employee lent films to be copied and returned them within hours. The court held there was no theft because:
- AThe employee had the cinema's permission to borrow the films for a short time
- BCopying films was not illegal at the time
- CFilms are intangible property that cannot be stolen
- DThe films were returned with their "goodness or virtue" not wholly exhausted
8.Hard
In R v Cheshire, the court held that negligent medical treatment of a gunshot victim:
- ABroke the chain of causation whenever it was negligent enough to be the immediate medical cause of death, even if the wound still operated
- BAlways breaks the chain of causation
- CMakes the doctors liable for murder
- DDid not break the chain of causation unless it was so independent and potent that the original wound became insignificant
Answer key
- 1. D · The Offences Against the Person Act 1861
- 2. B · Acting without voluntary control over one's body
- 3. D · Necessary and reasonable in the circumstances
- 4. B · Not liable, because players consent to injuries within the rules of the game
- 5. C · That some physical harm might result
- 6. B · A battery, because the act was continuing when the mens rea arose
- 7. D · The films were returned with their "goodness or virtue" not wholly exhausted
- 8. D · Did not break the chain of causation unless it was so independent and potent that the original wound became insignificant
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