Criminal law worksheet with answers

Self-defence is generally a defence when the force used is:

1. APlanned in advance as revenge
2. BUsed after the threat has ended
3. CNecessary and reasonable in the circumstances
4. DAs strong as possible

A person who helps or encourages another to commit a crime, without carrying out the act themselves, is called:

1. AAn innocent agent
2. BA principal offender
3. CA co-defendant witness
4. DAn accessory (secondary party)

Under the Criminal Damage Act 1971, criminal damage by fire is charged as:

1. AArson
2. BAggravated theft
3. CAffray
4. DBurglary

D makes repeated silent phone calls to V, causing her psychiatric illness. Following R v Ireland, D can be guilty of:

1. AAn assault, as silent calls can cause apprehension of immediate force
2. BOnly a civil wrong, because no physical harm occurred
3. COnly harassment, because no force was used
4. DNo offence, because words or silence can never amount to an assault in law

Causation in criminal law requires that the defendant's act was:

1. AThe only cause of the result
2. BMorally wrong
3. CIntended to cause the result in every case
4. DA factual and legal cause of the result

During a burglary, D has handed a knife to an accomplice. When someone arrives, D says "come on, let's go" and climbs out; the accomplice stabs the person. Following R v Becerra, D's withdrawal is:

1. AEffective, because D left before the crime was completed
2. BIrrelevant, because once an accessory has supplied a weapon, no later act of withdrawal can ever relieve them of liability
3. CEffective, because any words of withdrawal are always enough
4. DNot effective, because withdrawal must be timely and unequivocal and may need more than words once violence is imminent

Gross negligence manslaughter in English law (R v Adomako) requires:

1. AA duty of care, breach causing death, and negligence so bad that it should be criminal
2. BAn unlawful and dangerous act causing death, judged objectively by sober and reasonable people
3. CIntention to kill
4. DSubjective recklessness about death

In R v Lloyd (1985), a cinema employee lent films to be copied and returned them within hours. The court held there was no theft because:

1. AFilms are intangible property that cannot be stolen
2. BCopying films was not illegal at the time
3. CThe employee had the cinema's permission to borrow the films for a short time
4. DThe films were returned with their "goodness or virtue" not wholly exhausted