1.Easy
Necessity was rejected as a defence to murder in the famous shipwreck case of:
- AR v Miller
- BR v Collins
- CR v Dudley and Stephens
- DR v Brown
2.Easy
In Dutch criminal law, "noodweer" (Article 41(1) Sr) is:
- AA form of preparation for committing a crime
- BA justification for necessary defence against an immediate unlawful attack
- CAn excuse based on a strong emotional disturbance caused by an unlawful attack
- DA rule allowing police to stop and search people
3.Easy
Which of these is a "specific intent" offence in English law for the purposes of intoxication?
- AMurder
- BBattery
- CManslaughter
- DAssault occasioning actual bodily harm
4.Medium
D knocks over a candle by accident, sees a fire start, and walks away without doing anything. The house burns down. D is most likely:
- ALiable, because D created a dangerous situation and failed to act
- BNot liable, because the law imposes no duty to act to protect property
- CNot liable, because the fire started by accident
- DLiable only if D intended to start the fire initially
5.Medium
D throws a paving stone off a bridge onto a train, killing the guard. D did not think anyone would be hurt. Following DPP v Newbury and Jones, D is guilty of:
- AMurder, as the act was likely to kill
- BUnlawful act manslaughter, as the act was unlawful and objectively dangerous
- CNo offence, as D did not subjectively foresee any risk of harm to anyone at all
- DGross negligence manslaughter only
6.Medium
D, carrying an imitation gun and a threatening note, walks towards a post office to rob it but is arrested outside before entering. Under the Criminal Attempts Act 1981, D is most likely guilty of:
- AAttempted robbery, because D was carrying an imitation gun and a threatening note
- BRobbery, because the intention was proved
- CBurglary, because D intended to enter the building
- DNothing as attempted robbery yet, because D has not gone beyond preparation
7.Hard
Conspiracy in English law requires:
- AA written plan
- BAt least one of the conspirators to have carried out an overt act towards committing the agreed crime
- CAn agreement between two or more people to commit a crime, with intent that it be carried out
- DThe crime to be actually committed
8.Hard
In R v Windle (1952), the court interpreted "wrong" in the M'Naghten Rules to mean:
- AMorally wrong by society's standards
- BWrong in the eyes of a doctor
- CLegally wrong
- DWrong according to the defendant's own beliefs
Answer key
- 1. C · R v Dudley and Stephens
- 2. B · A justification for necessary defence against an immediate unlawful attack
- 3. A · Murder
- 4. A · Liable, because D created a dangerous situation and failed to act
- 5. B · Unlawful act manslaughter, as the act was unlawful and objectively dangerous
- 6. D · Nothing as attempted robbery yet, because D has not gone beyond preparation
- 7. C · An agreement between two or more people to commit a crime, with intent that it be carried out
- 8. C · Legally wrong
Full step-by-step solutions: practise this topic on examproblems.com.