1.Easy
Automatism as a defence refers to:
- AActing in the belief that the act is lawful
- BActing without voluntary control over one's body
- CActing under the influence of strong anger
- DActing under threats from another person
2.Easy
Which sentence must a court impose on an adult convicted of murder in England and Wales?
- AA community order
- BA fixed term of 10 years
- CLife imprisonment
- DA suspended sentence
3.Easy
In English law, which court tries the most serious (indictable-only) offences such as murder?
- AThe Court of Appeal
- BThe county court
- CThe Crown Court
- DThe magistrates' court
4.Medium
The "thin skull" rule in criminal law means:
- AOnly healthy victims are protected
- BA frail victim breaks the chain of causation
- CThe victim's injuries must be foreseeable in extent
- DThe defendant must take the victim as they find them
5.Medium
D, who honestly but wrongly believes V is attacking a stranger, punches V. Following R v Williams (Gladstone), D:
- AMust prove the belief on the balance of probabilities
- BIs liable, because the mistake was about the facts
- CIs liable, because the mistaken belief was not based on reasonable grounds
- DIs judged on the facts as D honestly believed them to be
6.Medium
Oblique (indirect) intention in English law (R v Woollin) exists when:
- AThe defendant did not foresee any harm
- BDeath was a foreseeable consequence that a reasonable person would have appreciated
- CDeath or serious harm was a virtual certainty and the defendant appreciated this
- DThe result was merely possible
7.Hard
In R v Evans (2009), D supplied heroin to her half-sister, who overdosed. D failed to seek help. The Court of Appeal held:
- AD was guilty of murder, because she supplied the drug
- BA duty arose because D had contributed to a life-threatening situation she knew of
- CD was liable because family members always owe each other a duty to seek medical help
- DNo duty arose, because sisters owe each other no duties
8.Hard
In R v Cunningham (1957), D tore a gas meter off a wall to steal money; gas leaked and poisoned a neighbour. The court held "maliciously" means:
- AFailing to notice a risk an ordinary person would see
- BActing with wickedness or ill will towards the victim, as in ordinary usage
- CIntending the harm or foreseeing the risk of it and taking it anyway
- DActing in a way that is against the law
Answer key
- 1. B · Acting without voluntary control over one's body
- 2. C · Life imprisonment
- 3. C · The Crown Court
- 4. D · The defendant must take the victim as they find them
- 5. D · Is judged on the facts as D honestly believed them to be
- 6. C · Death or serious harm was a virtual certainty and the defendant appreciated this
- 7. B · A duty arose because D had contributed to a life-threatening situation she knew of
- 8. C · Intending the harm or foreseeing the risk of it and taking it anyway
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